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MD4001 - Anatomy > Development of Pharyngeal Arches > Flashcards

Development of Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main components of a pharyngeal arch?

A
  • Mesenchymal core (from mesoderm and neural crest)
  • Internal ectoderm pouch
  • External cleft (ectoderm)
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2
Q

How many pharyngeal arches are there?

A

5

Pharyngeal arches 1, 2, 3, 4, (5 disappears) and 6

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3
Q

What is the stomodeum?

A

ending of GI gut tube

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4
Q

What are the two prominances of the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A
  • upper maxillary
  • lower mandibular
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5
Q

What are the two main sources of mesenchyme for each arch and what do they give rise to?

A

Each arch has a mesenchyme core from two main sources –

mesoderm and neural crest:

o Muscle (brachial muscles)

o Cartilage element
o Artery
o Cranial Nerve

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6
Q

What happens to paraxial mesoderm in the pharyngeal arches?

A

migrates into pharyngeal arches and elsewhere to form mostly muscle tissue of head (and some connective tissue/bone)

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7
Q

What is the contribution of the lateral plate mesoderm to the head?

A

Small

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8
Q

What is the function of the neural crest and the ectodermal placodes?

A
  • Neural crest (ventral flow around placodes and into

pharyngeal arches – mesenchyme, ganglia, nerves)

  • Ectodermal placodes (thickening of ectoderm that can

help give rise to sensory neurons

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9
Q

What are the muscles of the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A
  • muscles of mastication
  • anterior belly of digastric
  • mylohyoid
  • tensor tympani
  • tensor vali palatini
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10
Q

What are the muscles of the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A
  • muscles of facial expression
  • stylohyoid
  • strapedius
  • posterior belly of digastric
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11
Q

What are the muscles of the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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12
Q

What are the muscles of the 4th pharyngeal arch?

A
  • All muscles of the pharynx except stylopharyngeus
  • All muscles of the palaye except tensor veli palatini
  • Cricothyroid
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13
Q

What are the muscles of the 6th pharyngeal arch?

A

All the muscles of the larynx

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14
Q

What are the skeletal features of the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A
  • Maxilla
  • Zygomatic bone
  • mandible
  • malleus
  • incus
  • meckel’s cartilage
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15
Q

What are the skeletal features of the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A
  • Stapes
  • styloid process
  • stylohyoid ligament
  • lessor horn of hyoid
  • upper part body of hyoid
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16
Q

What are the skeletal features of the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A
  • Greater horn of hyoid
  • lower part body of hyoid
17
Q

What are the skeletal features of the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch?

A
  • Epiglottis
  • Laryngeal cartilages
  • Thyroid
  • Cuneiform
  • Corniculate
  • Arytenoids
18
Q

What nerves are derived from the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A
  • Skin of face supplied by V1, V2 and V3
  • Trigeminal V3 - muscles of mastication
19
Q

What arteries are derived from the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

Part of the maxillary

20
Q

What nerve is derived from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

Facial Nerve

21
Q

What arteries are derived from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

hyoid and stapedial arteries

22
Q

What nerve is derived from the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

Glossopharyngeal

23
Q

What arteries are derived from the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

common carotid arteries and proximal internal carotid

24
Q

What nerves are derived from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?

A
  • vagus - superior laryngeal branche supplies the 4th arch
  • recurrent laryngeal supplies the 6th arch
25
Q

What arteries are derived from the 4th adn 6th pharyngeal arches?

A
  • 4th left = aortic arch
  • 4th right = subclavian
  • 6th = pulmonary arteries
  • ductus arteriosus
26
Q

What does the paraxial mesoderm give rise to?

A

All voluntary muscles, arteries, neurocranium, meninges, dorsal skin

27
Q

What does the lateral plate mesoderm give rise to?

A

Laryngeal cartilages; regional connective tissue

28
Q

What does the neural crest give rise to?

A

Pharyngeal arch skeleton, viscerocranium, glandular connective tissue, parts of the neurocranium teeth, interact with ectoderm placodes deo ganglia/sensory

formation

29
Q

What do the ectoderm placodes give rise to?

A

With neural crest to form neurons of sensory ganglia (V, VII, IX and X) also sensory apparatus (eyes/nose not shown)

30
Q

What are the main pharyngeal pouches and their derivatives?

A
  • Dorsal part of the 1st Cleft gives rise to the external auditory meatus and external part of the tympanic membrane. Deepest part gives rise to the tympanic membrane (ear drum)
  • 2nd arch proliferates and overgrows the 3rd and 4th arches.
  • 2nd, 3rd and 4th clefts lose contact with the exterior forming cervical sinus. After losing connection with exterior the cervical sinus usually disappears
31
Q

What are the main pharyngeal clefts and their derivatives?

A

MD4001 - Anatomy (6 decks)

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