Development-Exam I

Question 1

What are the five stages of neuro development?

Answer 1

1. Neurulation 2. Proliferation 3. Migration 4.Differentiation/Elongation 5. Refinement

Question 2

About when does the ectoderm form? What structures does it form?

Answer 2

16 days, THE CNS, adrenal medulla, and skin

Question 3

What forms out of the endoderm?

Answer 3

Viscera

Question 4

What forms out of the mesoderm?

Answer 4

heart, circulatory system, muscle, bone, meninges, somites, notochord

Question 5

What thickens to from the neural plate?

Answer 5

Ectoderm

Question 6

When should the rostral portion of the neural tube close? Caudal?

Answer 6

Rostral: 27 days, Caudal: 30

Question 7

What will arise out of the neural crest?

Answer 7

PNS and Adrenal Medulla

Question 8

What are the 3 primary vesicles of the CNS once the neural tube has closed?

Answer 8

Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

Question 9

What are the five subdivisions of the developing brain? What adult structure arises out of each? BOOM! GO!

Answer 9

1. Telencephalon-Cerebral Hemisphere, Basal Ganglia, Hippocampus 2. Diencephalon-Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Pineal Body 3. Mesencephalon-Midbrain,Peduncles 4. Metencephalon-Pons, Cerebellum 5. Myelencephalon-medulla oblongata

Question 10

What is the failure of the neural tube to close on the rostral end?

Answer 10

Anencephaly

Question 11

What are the three types of spina bifida?

Answer 11

1.Spina Bifida Oculta 2. Meningocele 3. Myelomeningocele

Question 12

What happens in Arnold-Chiari Malformation?

Answer 12

Part of the cerebellum and caudal brainstem herniate through the foramen magnum which obstructs flow of CSF

Question 13

What are the three layers of the neural tube? (From Inside to Outside)

Answer 13

1.Germinal(Ventricular) 2. Intermediate Zone 3. Marginal Zone(Cortical Zone)

Question 14

What are the newly divided cells in the germal layer?

Answer 14

Neuroblasts & Glioblasts

Question 15

How do neuroblasts migrate out of the germinal zone?

Answer 15

They use glioblasts to help them leave

Question 16

What is the difference between radial and tangential migration?

Answer 16

Radial migration: straight up and down. Tangential: tarzan, side to side

Question 17

For development of the spinal cord: what is the dividing line for dorsal and ventral neurons?

Answer 17

The Sulcus Limitans…Its limiting, get it?!

Question 18

What is the name of the plate for the dorsal portion of the developing spinal cord? What type of cells are here? PLEASE don’t get this wrong..

Answer 18

Dorsal=Alar Plate, Sensory neurons (dorsal root=sensory!!)

Question 19

What is the name of the plate for the ventral portion of the developing spinal cord? What type of neurons are here?

Answer 19

Ventral=Basal Plate, motor neurons

Question 20

After the neuron has migrated, what part of the axon will start to elongate? What does it use to “crawl”?(Hint: should have been named “hand”)

Answer 20

The distal end of the axon starts to crawl with the “growth cone”

Question 21

What is the axon growth cone comprised of?

Answer 21

Filapodia and Lamellipodia

Question 22

What are the four methods an elongating axon finds its way?

Answer 22

Contact Repulsion, Chemo Repulsion, Contact Attraction, Chemo Attraction

Question 23

What is the last step in axon elongation? (ITS freaking important)

Answer 23

Synapse formation

Question 24

What is the main concept of maturation? Why does Dr. Lynsky say its unfair?

Answer 24

The body makes more axons & synapses then it needs, then prunes them back. Unfair to those poor axons who traveled far just to die :(

Question 25

What age of a person would you see manifestations of abnormalities arising from neuronal development?

Answer 25

Neonatal