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Neuroscience > Cellular Neuroscience-Exam I > Flashcards

Cellular Neuroscience-Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

How many cells are in the human brain?

A

170 Billion Cells HOW DO THEY KNOW THIS??

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2
Q

What protein structures are used in axoplasmic transport?

A

MicroTubules and MicroFilaments

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3
Q

Which cell structure accounts for over 90% of the cell surface area for synapses?

A

Dendrites

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4
Q

What is a common example of an umyenated axon?

A

A pain receptor, thank god it takes these signals longer eh?

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5
Q

What is an axon branch called?

A

An axon collateral

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6
Q

What part of the axon contains the N.T. vesicles?

A

The axon terminal

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7
Q

What determines the action of a neuron? The N.T. or the Receptor? Example??

A

The receptor determines the action for the neuron.. Ach excitatory in skeletal muscle, but inhibitory in cardiac muscle

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8
Q

Will Negative Ion channels depolarize(excite) or hyperpolarize(inhibit) a neuron?

A

Hyperpolarize(Inhibit)

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9
Q

Will positive ion channels depolarize (excite) or hyper polarize(inhibit) a cell?

A

Depolarize (Excite)

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10
Q

Where am I going to find pseudo unipolar neurons? What makes them UNIQUE?

A

PNS Sensory Afferents…2 AXONS!!

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11
Q

Where am I going to find BiPolar neurons?

A

Special Sensory. BiPolar people are special :)

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12
Q

What is unique about multipolar neurons?

A

Large Dentritic Trees, perkunjie fibers

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13
Q

What type of neuron makes up 99% of ALL NEURONS… wow. Where can I find these bad boys?

A

Interneurons, making connections between the afferent and efferent neurons, processing…ONLY IN CNS

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14
Q

What are two main names for congregations of neuronal cell bodies(gray matter)?

A

Nuclei and ganglia

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15
Q

What are 4 names to describe groups of axons(white matter)? Ready for some crazy new words?!

A

Tract, Fasciculus, lemniscus…several tracts=funiculus

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16
Q

What types of glial cells might be excitable?

A

AstroCytes

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17
Q

What are the main immune-like, and healing functions of Astrocytes?

A

The Blood Brain Barrier!! and scar formation in CNS

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18
Q

What CNS glial cells line cavities?

A

EP-EN-DY-MAL cells

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19
Q

What are the macrophages of the CNS?

A

MicroGlia

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20
Q

What is the function of nonmyleinating schwann cells?

A

regrowth of motor axons in PNS

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21
Q

What part of the PNS neuron does the Satellite cell surround?

A

The cell body

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22
Q

What is an astrocytoma that can spread from one side of the brain to the other using the corpus callosum? PLEASE don’t get this wrong!

A

GlioBlastoma MultiForme

23
Q

What is the normal resting potential range of a neuron?

A

-70 to -90 mv

24
Q

What are the normal Na and K [Gradients]?

A

More Na outside cell, more K inside cell (Na/K pump-2 K in 3Na out)

25
Q

At rest which ion is the cell more permeable to Na or K?

A

K

26
Q

What is happening when a cells membrane potential only moves a little and gets more positive(like from -70mv to -60mv)?

A

Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential (E.P.S.P)!!!

27
Q

What’s it called when a cell potential becomes slightly more negative (like -70mv to -80mv)?

A

Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential (I.P.S.P)

28
Q

What is the A.P. threshold?

A

-55mv

29
Q

What are the two ways a nerve or muscle cell can be excited?

A

Synaptic Input OR Electrical Stimulation

30
Q

What is the first step after the threshold has been reached? What does the membrane potential reach?

A

Na channels open. Membrane potential will reach +20mv c/o all the positive Na’s coming in

31
Q

What are two factors that open a Na channel?

A

Time and Voltage

32
Q

What event occurs to REpolarize the cell?

A

K will rush out naturally (we need to get the Positive charge out!)

33
Q

What do astrocytes in the CNS do to help maintain resting membrane potentials?

A

They Eat bananas! I mean potassium.

34
Q

What causes Myotonia congenita and spasticity?

A

Plateau Potentials c/o Calcium enrtry

35
Q

Why is the axon hillock the site of starting the A.P. propagation?

A

The hillock has the highest density of voltage gated channels

36
Q

What are the two types of A.P. propagation? Hint: has to do with myelin..

A

Local Current Flow & Saltatory Conduction

37
Q

How fast is a myelinated A.P. in mph? How much faster is that then unmyelinated?

A

360mph!! 50x faster

38
Q

Which conducts an action potential faster? Larger or smaller axon?

A

Larger Axons, less RESISTANCE!! I love electricity :)

39
Q

Which is normal conduction? Orthodromic or Antidromic?

A

Ortho=normal, Anti=not normal, made in a lab

40
Q

What type of sandwich are the synaptic transmission signals?

A

Signals at the synaptic transmission go from an electrical to a chemical, to an electrical sandwich :)

41
Q

Are synapses in the Soma (axo-somatic) generally E.P.S.P.’s or I.P.S.P.’s? What about ado-dendritic?

A

axo-somal: IPSP axo-dendritic: EPSP

42
Q

What type of channels open in the axon terminal to later on release N.T.?

A

Voltage gated Calcium Channels (Ca then flows down [gradient]

43
Q

What are the three main ways to end a synaptic transmission?

A

Diffusion, Enzyme degredation, or reup

44
Q

What never happens at the synapse of an alpha motor neuron and a motor neuron? What helps a muscle cell relax then?

A

IPSP.. IPSPs can happen at the dendrite or soma of the alpha motor neuron in the brain (just not at the axon terminal)

45
Q

What term is used for an axo-axonic synapse that aids another axon to release MORE neurotransmitter? What about the same thing but inhibiting?

A

Presynaptic Facilitation….vs Presynaptic Inhibition

46
Q

What are the 5 classy classes of N.T.’s?

A

1.MonoAmines 2. Cholinergic 3. Amino Acids 4. NeuroPeptides 5.NonTraditional

47
Q

What are the two classy classes of Receptors? What are their main functions?

A

Ion-To-Tropic & Metab-O-Tropic (Gprotein)….Iontotopic opens ion channels, metabotropic causes the chain rxn of Gproteins which can be EPSP,IPSP gene signaling YOU NAME IT

48
Q

What are the subcategories of MonoAmines?

A

1.Cat-E-Chol-Amines: a)Epi, b)NorEpi, c)Dopamine & 2.Seratonin

49
Q

What is an example of a Cho-Lin-Ergic N.T.?

A

Ace-tyl-cho-line

50
Q

What are three examples of Amino Acid N.T.’s?

A

a) Gamma-Amino-Butyric-Acid (GABA) b)Glycine c)Glutamate

51
Q

What are 3 examples of Neruo-peptides?

A

Endorphins, Calcitonin, Substance P

52
Q

What are two examples of nontraditional N.T.’s?

A

NO, and CO2

53
Q

What are the only two N.T.’s that are not BOTH IontoTropic AND MetaboTropic?

A

NorEpi & Dopamine

Neuroscience (18 decks)

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