Development dynamics Flashcards
What is a Brandt line
A line that divides development and developing countries in the world map
What is bottom-up project
A small scheme, organised by an NGO or charity, that aims to help the poorest families
Define capitalism
An economic and political system where trade and other sectors of the economy such as manufacturing are run by private companies for profit. They believe that the richer the country, the more developed it can be
What is coloniasm
The act of getting over another country, this involves occupying their land and results in exploration of people and the country’s resources
Define communism
A system which believes that the population should be classless and equal financially. Goods and the means of production are owned communally (often by state) instead of being owned by private companies so everyone has access to what they need
Define corruption
Governments that are dishonest or steal money to remain in power or for financial gain
Define economic inequality
The difference in wealth between the richest 10% of a country’s population and the poorest 10%
What is frank’s Dependency Model
Describes neo-colonialism and how a country can gain control over a neo-colony through exploitation and economic dependency
Define GDP
The value of all produce and spending within a country. GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product
Define GDP per capita
The value off all produce and spending within a country, divided by the population
Define governance
The management of a place or group of people
What is Human Development Index
A measure of several indicators including life expectancy, inequality and education
Define indicator
A way of measuring development, which focuses on the social, economic or environmental development
What is the infant mortality rate
A fraction of children under 5 year old that die compared to the total number of births
What is informal work
Self-employed or temporary work, which provides a small wage and limited health regulations
Define life expectancy
The average number of years an individual is likely to live, determined at birth
Define Low Income Country
A country of low wealth and a limited level of development
Define Middle Income Country
A country of sufficient wealth and good level development
Define Non-Government Organisation
A company or organisation that operates separate from the government, but doesn’t aim to make a profit (e.g. charities, Universities)
Define pollution levels
The volume of pollution in the air or water
What is the Poverty Line
The minimum amount of income a person needs to live adequately
Define Quality of Life
The standard of living of a person or a community. Many factors can affect this including health, comfort, and access to services
Define respiratory conditions
Illnesses that affect your breathing, for example, or lung asthma disease
What is Rostow’s Modernisation Theory
The development of a country takes five stages of growth: Traditional Society, Pre-Conditions for Take Off, Take Off, Drive to Maturity, Mass Consumption
Define Social Inequality
The difference in the quality of life between the highest income family and lowest income household
Define Squater Settelment
Clusters of temporary housing which migrants or low-income families live in, often built on unfavorable land
What is a Top-Down project
A large scale scheme to improve development, organised by the government or a large TNC. The benefits of the scheme should trickle down to poorer families in the community
Define topography
The shape and relief of the land ie. mountainous, low-lying, flat, etc
