Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography > Coastal Landscape > Flashcards

Coastal Landscape Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

What shapes the coastline

A

Different physical processes of weathering,mass movement and erosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 3 types of weathering

A
  • Chemical
  • Biological
  • Mechanical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is mass movement

A

The downhill movement of material under the influence of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of mass movement vary according to…

A
  • Material involved
  • Amount of water in the material
  • Type of movement, e.g. sliding, slumping
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Abrasion

A

Breaking waves throw sand, pebbles and boulders against the coast during storms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define Hydraulic Action

A

The sheer weight and impact of water against the coastline, particularly during a storm ,erodes the coast. Also waves compress air in joints in rocks, forcing them apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define Attrition

A

Rocks and pebbles carried by waves rub together and break into smaller pieces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define Solution

A

The chemical action of seawater dissolves some rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When does sliding happen

A

When loosened rocks and soil suddenly slide down the slope. Blocks of material may all slide at once

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Longshore Drift

A

The process by which beach sediment can be transported along the coast by waves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define Traction

A

Large boulders are rolled along the seabed by waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define saltation

A

Smaller stones are bounced along the seabed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define suspension

A

Sand and small particles are carried along in the flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define sloution

A

Some minerals are dissolved in seawater and carried along in the flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The load carried by _ is deposited by _ waves

A

Waves

Constructive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What factors influence depositaton

A
  • Sheltered spots (e.g. bays)
  • Calm conditions
  • Gentle gradient offshore causing friction. All reduce the wave’s energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of rock is eiser to erode

A

Soft such as clay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of rocks makes it so that the cliff will be less rugged and less steep

A

Soft such as clay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of rocks makes up bays

A

Soft such as clay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of erosion are hard rocks resistant to

A

All types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of rock causes cliffs to be high, steep and rugged

A

Hard rocks such as granite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of rock makes up wave-cut platforms

A

Hard rocks such as granite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a concordinate coast

A

A coast made up of the same rock type

24
Q

What is a discordiant coast

A

A coast where the rock type alernates, forming headlands and bays

25
Q

What is a joint and a fault

A

Smaller cracks; faults are larger

26
Q

Are joints and faults prone to erosion

A

Yes

27
Q

What is a destructive wave

A

A wave where the swash is weak and the backwash is strong. Material is dragged into the sea, eroding the coast. Destructive waves have high energy, and occur in stormy conditions

28
Q

What is a constructive wave

A

A wave where material is deposited, building up the coast. Constructive waves have lower energy and occur in calm conditions

29
Q

How do different seasons impact coastal erosion in the UK.

A

Cold temperatures in winter lead to freeze-thaw weathering in cliffs

30
Q

Coasts are often subjected to strong winds, _ the eroding power of the _, and heavy _ contributes to mass movement

A

Increasing
Waves
Rainfall

31
Q

Frequent storms can damage coastal landforms like…

A

Spits

32
Q

Beach _ can be removed from a section of _

A

Sediment

Coastline

33
Q

How can sand dunes be removed

A

By storms

34
Q

Where are prevailing winds from in the UK and what is the impact of this

A

South-west

This brings warm,moist air from the Atlantic anf requnet rainfall

35
Q

Coastal erosion definition

A

The breaking down and removal of material along the coast

36
Q

Coastal retreat definition

A

when coastl erosion causes the coastline to move further inland

37
Q

How are cliffs shaped

A

Through weathering and erosion

38
Q

When is a cave formed

A

When the waves erode a weakness in the rock such as a joint or a fault

39
Q

When is an arch formed

A

When two caves erode back from either side of a headland and meet in the middle

40
Q

When is a stack formed

A

When an arch collapses

41
Q

How are wave-cut platforms formed

A

The erosion of cliffs can create wave-cut platforms- areas of flat rock at thte of the cliff

42
Q

What is a spit

A

Narrow beaches of sand or shingle that are attached to the land at one end. They extend across a bay or estuary or where the coastline changes direction. They are formed by longshore drift powered by a strong prevailing wind

43
Q

What is an adantage of having of a sea wall

A

Protects cliffs and buildings

44
Q

What is a disadvantage of a sea wall

A

Expensive-£5000-£10 000/m

45
Q

What are advantages of groynes

A

Prevent sea removing sand

Cheaper-£200/m of timber

46
Q

What are disadvantages of groynes

A

Exposes other coastal areas

47
Q

What are advantages of rip rap

A
  • Rocks absorb wave energy

- Cheaper-£1000-£3000/m

48
Q

What are advantages of beach replenishmnet

A
  • Sand reduces wave energy
  • Maintains tourism
  • Cheaper- £2000/m
49
Q

What are advantages of offshore reef

A

Waves break on reeft and lose power

50
Q

What are disadvantages of offshore reef

A
  • May interfere with fishing

- More expensive-£5000/m

51
Q

What are groynes

A

Wooden or rock structures built along the beach at right angles

52
Q

What is beach nourishment (recharge)

A

Sand or shingle is added to a beach to make it higher or wider

53
Q

What is sand dune regeneration

A

Grasses, bushes and trees are planted to stabilise dunes

54
Q

What is a sea wall

A

Concrete walls, about 3-5 meters high, built at the foot of cliffs or the top of a beach; sometimes curved to reflect the waves back out to sea

55
Q

What is rip rap (rock armour)

A

Large boulder puled out at the foot of the cliff or the top of a beach

56
Q

Define Fetch

A

This is the distance of open water which the wind has been blowing the longer the fetch, the more powerful the wave

Geography (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions