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Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Define food security

A

Food security: When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.

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2
Q

Define water security

A

Water security: The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptable quality water.

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3
Q

What are the four things measured in HDI

A

Life expectancy at birth​
Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (US$PPP)​
Mean years of schooling for adults aged 25 years​
Expected years of schooling for children of school-entering age​

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4
Q

What is the range of score that can be received with the HDI

A

0-1

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5
Q

What are the different categories for HDI

A

Very high = developed ​

High = emerging​

Medium = emerging​

Low = developing​

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6
Q

Define development

A

An improvement in the quality of life for the population of a country

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7
Q

What are the aspects of development

A 
Economic
Social
Cultural
Political
Technology
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8
Q

Describe the distribution of development in the world

A

The majority of highly developed countries are in the Global North. Many of these highly developed countries are found in western and northern Europe (e.g. UK, France), North America (USA and Canada) and Oceania (e.g. New Zealand). Countries with a medium level of development are largely found in south-east Asia, where emerging economies such as Singapore, the Phillippines are located. The least developed countries in the world are mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa e.g. Chad, Mali, Burkina Faso.

There is no data provided for North Korea, Somalia and Eritrea. This may be due to political corruption or war, indicators of low human development.

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9
Q

Define economic development

A

An increase in the country’s wealth

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10
Q

Define political development

A

A number of changes relating to the political systems and freedom are in a place

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11
Q

Define social development

A

A number of changes that have a direct impact on the population’s quality of life

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12
Q

Define cultural development

A

A number of changes that involve better equality for people/groups based on their characteristics or categorise

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13
Q

Define infant mortality rate

A

The number of babies who do not survive to the age of 1 per 1,000 live births

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14
Q

Define life expectancy at birth

A

Age at birth a person is expected the life. This should rise as countries development

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15
Q

Define total fertility rate

A

the average number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she were to pass through her childbearing years conforming to the age-specific fertility rates of a given year.

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16
Q

What are the reasons for the development gap

A 
○ Climate
○Colonies
○World trade
○Infrastructure
○Access to a body of water
○Natural hazards
○Stable government
○Trading partnerships
○Foreign investment
○Natural resources
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17
Q

How does demography impact global inequalities

A

The highest rates of economic growth are experienced by nations where BRs have declined the most

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18
Q

How does history impact global inequalities

A

Through colonialism European powers, such as the UK, expanded their territories around the world (and imposed unequal trading relationships involving exploitation of raw materials). The term ‘neo-colonialism is used to describe how wealthier countries can still dominate poorer countries (economically and politically)

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19
Q

How does political and economic policies impact global inequality

A

Open economies (e.g. UK) that encourage FDI developed faster than closed economies (e.g. Russia). Institutional quality in terms of good government, law ad order and lack of corruption results in higher rates of growth

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20
Q

How does social investment impact global inequality

A

Countries priorities investment in education & health has generally developed at a faster rate than nations which, have invested less. Counties develop, fertility declines. Education, especially female literacy is the key to lower fertility

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21
Q

How much of the world population “live in the dark”

A

1/5

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22
Q

How much of the world’s population do not have access to clean water

A

1/10

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23
Q

Define the primary sector

A

Employment involved with the extraction of raw materials

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24
Q

What are the advantages of the primary sector

A

Requires a low level of skill
Food production food security
Reduces imports

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25
Q

What are the disadvantages of the primary sector

A

Demand can change
Crop failure
Low income
Maual labour-health implications

26
Q

Define the secondary sector

A

The manufacturing sector of employment

27
Q

What are examples of the secondary sector

A

Construction
manufacturing
Energy production
Oil refining

28
Q

What are the advantages of the secondary sector

A

Job security
Not much skill required
New products made

29
Q

What are the disadvantages of the secondary sector

A

Dangerous factories
Relies on raw material
Import these resources

30
Q

Define the tertiary sector

A

Service sector jobs

31
Q

What are examples of the tertiary sector

A

Waiter
Lawyer
Teacher

32
Q

What are the advantages of the tertiary sector

A

Not relying on natural resources

A mixture of skill levels

33
Q

What are the disadvantages of the tertiary sector

A

For skilled jobs, training must be in place

34
Q

Define the quaternary sector

A

The industry that provides intellectual services such as information gathering and processing, universities and research and development

35
Q

What are the advantages of the quaternary sector

A

Highly skilled, require further education -can add significant economic benefits to a country

36
Q

What are examples of the quaternary sector

A

Software development
Consulting
Web developer
Painter

37
Q

What are the disadvantages of the quaternary sector

A

High skills required means not many can do it
Need good education
Hard to do

38
Q

Define subsistence farming

A

Only growing crops to meet their needs, not for trade

39
Q

In India a large reduction in the contribution of _ to the total GDP from 37.2% to 14.5%

A

Agriculture

40
Q

In India the rapid increase te contribution of _ from 45.8% to 67.1%

A

Services

41
Q

In India, A small increase in the contribution of What are the disadvantages of the tertiary sector _ industry from 16.9% to 18.4%

A

Manufacturing

42
Q

In India The rise in _ sector from close to 0% to an estimated 6.1%

A

Quaternary

43
Q

How much is India’s software and ICT in 2014/15

A

100 billion USD

44
Q

2 causes of growing urban population

A

rural-urban migration and a more economically active population.

45
Q

What did India d that was significant in 1952

A

1952: India introduced a policy aiming to reduce fertility and aid development

46
Q

There have been big changes in the population structure of India since the 19_S

A

1970s

47
Q

What is geopolitics

A

Geopolitics is the study of the effects of geography on politics and international relations.

48
Q

What are the impacts of economic activity on the envionment

A 
○ Climate change
○ Air pollution
○ Greenhouse gases
○ Water pollution
○ Deforestation and desertification
49
Q

Is India a member of the G-20

A

Yes

50
Q

What is the G-20

A

The internal forum for governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies

51
Q

What are the advantages of India becoming wealthier

A

○ India has a seat at UN security. Maintain security and peace
○ More influential in big global organisations such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Trade Orgation (WTO)
○Increased trade between countries → increase GDP and GNI

52
Q

What is the aim of the response of Solar Park in Gujarat

A

Provide electricity for the 400 million without. It is renewable

53
Q

What are the advantages of Solar Park in Gujarat

A

○ Produces more than 600 mw of electricity to the grid
○ 2/5 of India’s solar power production to the grid
○ It was developed by 20 companies
○ Biggest solar-wind hybrid

54
Q

What are the disadvantages of Solar Park in Gujarat

A

○ Expensive
○ Deforestation
○ Reliance on sun
○ Still 4th biggest carbon emitter

55
Q

What is the aim of the response of The Smart Cities Mission

A

Initiative to improve equality and the quality of life

56
Q

What are the advantages of The Smart Cities Mission

A

○ Covers over 100 cities and towns in India
○ Provides education, adequate housing, water supplies for the poor
○ Creates safer streets

57
Q

What are the disadvantages of The Smart Cities Mission

A

Expensive

58
Q

What is the aim of the response of the National Rural Health Mission

A

Seeks to provide equitable affordable and quality health care to the rural population, especially the vulnerable groups

59
Q

What are the advantages of the National Rural Health Mission

A

○ Free ambulance service

○ Free medicine and check-ups →improves life expectancy

60
Q

What are the disadvantages of the National Rural Health Mission

A

Expensive

61
Q

What is the aim of the response of the Mumbai’s Eastern Freeway

A

Controlled access highway in Mumbai

Reduce done time between south Mumbai and the Eastern Suburbs

Geography (20 decks)

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