Development Flashcards
Sensorimotor
0-2: Object permanence develops
Primary circular reactions- coordinates aspects of movement
Secondary circular reactions- manipulates objects in environment
Preoperational
2-6: Representational thought
Centration- only focus on 1 thing at a time
Egocentricism- world in their focus
Concrete Operational
7-11: Conservation
Formal Operational
11+: Abstract thought
Zone of proximal development
Skills that are in the process of developing
Vygotsky
Child internalizes culture and social rules and cognitions develop accordingly from that.
Pragmatics
Efficient use of a language
Semantics
Word meaning
Syntax
Word order
Phonology
Actual sound of language
Categorical perception
Distinguish between sounds that denote differences in meaning and those that do not
Holophrasis
Toddler use of 1 word to convey thought. Up to 18 months.
Errors of growth
2.5-3 years. Child begins to master more complex rules but overregulates.
Erikson Stage 1
0-1: Trust v Mistrust
Erikson Stage 2
1-3: Autonomy v Shame
Erikson Stage 3
3-6: Initiative v Guilt
Erikson Stage 4
6-12: Industry v Inferiority
Erikson Stage 5
12-18: Identity v Role Confusion
Erikson Stage 6
18-40: Intimacy v Isolation
Erikson Stage 7
40-60: Generativity v Stagnation
Erikson Stage 8
60+: Integrity v Despair
Social Smiling
5 months- only familiar faces illicit smiles
Fear response
Someone taken away, someone harmful appears
Phases of attachment
Bowlby
- Pre-attachment- infact reacts the same to all faces
- 3 months: discriminates between familiar and unfamiliar faces
- 6 months: seeks out the mother
- 9-12: fear of strangers
- Second year: separation anxiety from mother
Insecure/Avoidant
Not distressed when left alone, avoid contact with mother
Insecure/Resistant
Distressed during separation and resist physical contact upon return
Secure
Mildly distressed but greet her positively
Preconventional morality
- Punishment and obedience
2. Instrumental relativist stage- orientation toward reciprocity
Conventional morality
- “Good girl, nice boy” orientation- seeks approval
2. Law-and-order orientation (ruled by authority)
Post Conventional morality
- Social contract orientation- to the greater good
2. Universal ethical principles
Heinz dilemma
Okay to steal the medicine? Thought process that underlies the answer.
Gender labeling
2-3: Realize they are a member of a particular sex and label themselves as such
Gender stability
3-4: Predict that they will still be a boy/girl when they grow up. Based on physical notion of gender
Gender consistancy
4-7: Understand the permanency of gender, regardless of what someone wears
Rooting
Turns head in direction of stimuli on cheek
Moro
Abrupt movement of head- fling out arms and extend fingers, then bring it all back
Babinski
Spread toes when feet are stimulated
Grasping
Close fingers around objects placed in hand
Zygote
Single cell
Germinal
0-2 wks: fertilized egg travels down fallopian tube and implants on uterine wall
Embryonic
2-10 wks: increases in size
Fetal
3rd month- electrical activity in fetus brain
