Development 1914-1924 Flashcards
What is the political truth occurred between all political parties at the start of World War I?
Burgfriede
What is the Siegfried?
The glory that would come when war was over
What was the winter within World War I called, when did it happen?
Turnip winter 1916 to 1917
Who proposed the peaceful resolution? Did it pass? With how many votes?
Erzberger
It passed with 212 votes
What party was established After the war? Exact date? By who? Name of party?
The fatherland party was established by Kapp In 1917
What titles did Ludendorff and Hindenburg hold in the war?
Army General chief of staff and army deputy chief of staff
What are the 4 reasons for the political breakdown by 1918?
Increasing popular disturbances, strikes and clamours for peace, turnip winter and Russian revolution
SPD split 1917. USPD commuted to ensuing the war
Peace resolution
Establishment of Fatherland Party, attracting R-Wing
What had the kaiser done by appointing Hindenburg and Ludendorff?
Surrendering the supreme command, giving them power over the chancellor.
What were the 6 dates of the revolution from Above? What happens on that date?
30 Sep: kaiser accepted Herlings resignation and proclaimed a parliamentary government
1 Oct: Kaiser asked Baben to form a govt. reps from majority parties and prominent SPD members
3 Oct: Baben asked president wilson of USA for an armistice based on Wilson’s his 14 points
24 Oct: He replied, only total surrender and a change of their ‘autocratic dictatorship’ regime. SPD, USPD and Z called for abdication.
26 Oct: Ludendorff forced to resign after telling soldiers to resist surrender
28 Oct: Germany became a parliamentary monarchy
What were the 9 dates of the revolution from Below? What happens on that date?
29/30 Oct: two naval vessels at Wilhelmshaven mutinied. Sailors raised the red communist flag
Liebnecht called working class to coin a communist revolution
3 Nov: High Seas Fleet mutinied. 8 sailors shot dead
4 Nov: Kiel hostaged by c40,000 sailors
6 Nov: sailors, soldiers and workers elected council in several major cities
7 Nov: King Ludwig II fled, independent socialist republic was formed.
8 Nov: Revolutionary Shop Stewards appealed for a general strike, answered bu SPD and Spartacists
9 Nov: Liebnecht proclaimed a ‘Workers Republic’ from a balcony of a Royal Place in Berlin
Prince Max announced Wilhelm II abdication and transferred his political authority to SPD leader Ebert.
3 President Powers?
Elected every 7 years by men and women over 20.
Appoint and dismiss ministers, dissolve reichstag
Supreme commander of armed forces
2 Chancellor Powers?
Had to have the support of at least half of the reichstag
Proposed new law to the reichstag
3 Reichstrat Powers?
2nd chamber of Parliament. 67 reps from 17 states
Seats proportional to population of states. No state has more than 40%
Can provide advice on laws, can be overridden by reichstag
3 voters Powers?
‘All Germans are equal before the law’
Guaranteed freedom of speech
Employees have equal rights to employers
3 Reichstag Powers?
Elected every 4 years by all over 20, proportional representation
Chancellor and ministers answerable to reichstag
Voted on budget, new law had to originate in the reichstag and required reichstag deputies approval
