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AQA A Level History: Germany > 5 Social Development > Flashcards

5 Social Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Who 4 were described as the elites?

A
  1. Bismarck
  2. Junkers
  3. Military Officers
  4. Large Factory Owners
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2
Q

3 Features of Elitism?

A
  1. Encouraged from the start
  2. Cooperated in the ‘alliance of steel and rye’
  3. Influence in politics and R-W pressure groups
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3
Q

3 features of elitism anti-semitism?

A
  1. E.g. Pan-German Legue
  2. Called for a ban of Jewish immigration and restricting rights
  3. Blamed Jewish influence on ‘liberalism’
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4
Q

What influences anti Semitic ideas within elitism?

A

Houston Stewart Chamberlain, he expounded theories of Social Darwinism and superiority of German Race

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5
Q

Name 3 reasons why militarism was a central role in the 2nd Reich?

A
  1. Military Traditions
  2. Military in unification wars
  3. Military personal oath of loyalty to kaiser before country
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6
Q

What were the 6 things Wilhelm II loved about the military?

A
  1. Tradition
  2. uniform
  3. decorative and ritualistic practices
  4. Male-dominated culture
  5. Felt more comfortable around them
  6. Needed them for Weltpolitik
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7
Q

What was the amount of people and expenditure linked to the military?

A

4 million by 1913 (8x 1890)

£60 million in 1913-4

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8
Q

What were the series of events in the Zabern Affair?

A
  1. German officer responded to Alsatian recruit recruit teasing by calling them Wackers (square heads)
  2. Punished with days of confinement
  3. Locals demonstrated against German arrogance
  4. G officers ordered to disperse demonstration
  5. 15 arrested (including president, 2 judges, the state attorney of the Zabern Supreme Court
  6. Despite liberal press outcry, kaiser condones their actions
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9
Q

What was the population, %rural and %urban in 1871?

A

41 million

64% rural
36% urban

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10
Q

What was the population, %rural and %urban in 1890?

A

49 million

58% rural
42% urban

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11
Q

What was the population, %rural and %urban in 1910?

A

64 million

40% rural
60% urban

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12
Q

Describe a description of the Elites and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?

A

Old landed aristocracy

Prussian junkers were the core of society

They lived in spacious homes or country states run by servants

They were involved in politics to pressure groups or supporting parties

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13
Q

Describe a description of the Upper Middle Class and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?

A

Industrial managers and highly skilled experts in new industries. Educated professionals

Lives in urban communities, they bought themselves comfortable homes and paid for the kids education; had a few servants

Involved in Länder politics or local town government

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14
Q

Describe a description of the Mittlestand and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?

A

White collar workers, commonly small businessman shopkeepers and minor officials

They wanted education for their children

Conversations about politics

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15
Q

Describe a description of the Working Class and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?

A

Semi skilled workers who were very conscious of their superiority over other workers

They are paid more and keen to support movement or reform

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16
Q

Describe a description of the Lumpenproletariat and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?

A

Lower working class were on skilled workers and more vulnerable to economic fluctuations

Largely political and on interested in revolutionary advancements

17
Q

Describe a description of the presents and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?

A

I worked in the countryside

Interests correlated with junkers, they had a conservative outlook.

Victims of industrial change

18
Q

Define real wages

A

Income received after any price changes are taken into account; indicates a persons standard of living

19
Q

What happened to employment rates and real wages as industrialisation occurred?

A

Employment rates were generally high and real wages increased by 25% between 1895 and 1913

20
Q

What is state socialism and what do you do for the working people?

A

State socialism consists of medical, accent and old age insurance, they provided some support in times of sickness, accidents and old-age and were extended over the next 30 years

21
Q

What 5 major reforming legislation was Caprivi and Posadowsky-Wehner’s (minister for internal affairs under Bulow) responsible for?

A
  1. Recognition of Trade Unions
  2. Ch ages to employment laws
  3. More progressive income tax
  4. Extend accident insurance to 1900
  5. Extend health insurance to 1903
22
Q

What is the reforming legislation recognising trade unions?

A

Trade unions were allowed to arbitrate in wage disputes and sit on industrial tribunal from 1890.

Industrial arbitration was made compulsory for larger towns in 1901

23
Q

What are the 4 reforming legislation for changes for employment laws?

A
  1. included a reduction of women’s minimum working hours to 11
  2. a guaranteed minimum wage
  3. prohibiting on Sunday employment in 1891
  4. restrictions on child employment.
24
Q

What is the major reform legislation making income tax more progressive?

A

The more person and, more than paid

25
Q

How many Germans were covered by sickness insurance, Axa insurance and pensions?

A

By 1914 15 million covered by sickness insurance

28 million covered by accident insurance

1 million received annual pensions

26
Q

What were the 5 main conditions for lower-middle and upper workers during industrialisation?

A
  1. New job opportunities
  2. Medical improvements
  3. Leisure opportunities
  4. Better transportation
  5. Better communication
27
Q

Who benefited the most from industrialisation?

A

Lower – middle and upper working classes benefited the most.

Prospects of higher living standards made the lower ranks of workers less content with their share

28
Q

Who benefited released from industrialisation?

A

Lower ranks of workers

If the country was flourishing economically, they wanted the greatest share of the wealth they helped create

29
Q

What were the 4 main conditions for lower ranked workers during industrialisation?

A
  1. Cramped living conditions
  2. Large families fearful of unemployment
  3. Fear Encourage protests
  4. Attracted to SPD promises
30
Q

What were the conditions like for the ‘working class’ of peasants in the countryside during industrialisation?

A

Peasants left their land looking for a better job

Over 1 million internal immigrants went into the Rhineland by 1907.

In 1871, only a German towns had more than 100,000 inhabitants. By 1910 there were 48 towns like that

31
Q

What were the conditions like for the people whose lives remained predominantly rural?

A

The greater dependence on any money based economy resulted in the rural economy flourishing

Some of the constraints that made rural life harsh and isolated disappeared

The greater interaction between towns and countryside meant that fortune could see itself as better off in 1917 and 1871

AQA A Level History: Germany (31 decks)

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