5 Social Development

Question 1

Who 4 were described as the elites?

Answer 1

1. Bismarck
2. Junkers
3. Military Officers
4. Large Factory Owners

Question 2

3 Features of Elitism?

Answer 2

1. Encouraged from the start
2. Cooperated in the ‘alliance of steel and rye’
3. Influence in politics and R-W pressure groups

Question 3

3 features of elitism anti-semitism?

Answer 3

1. E.g. Pan-German Legue
2. Called for a ban of Jewish immigration and restricting rights
3. Blamed Jewish influence on ‘liberalism’

Question 4

What influences anti Semitic ideas within elitism?

Answer 4

Houston Stewart Chamberlain, he expounded theories of Social Darwinism and superiority of German Race

Question 5

Name 3 reasons why militarism was a central role in the 2nd Reich?

Answer 5

1. Military Traditions
2. Military in unification wars
3. Military personal oath of loyalty to kaiser before country

Question 6

What were the 6 things Wilhelm II loved about the military?

Answer 6

1. Tradition
2. uniform
3. decorative and ritualistic practices
4. Male-dominated culture
5. Felt more comfortable around them
6. Needed them for Weltpolitik

Question 7

What was the amount of people and expenditure linked to the military?

Answer 7

4 million by 1913 (8x 1890)

£60 million in 1913-4

Question 8

What were the series of events in the Zabern Affair?

Answer 8

1. German officer responded to Alsatian recruit recruit teasing by calling them Wackers (square heads)
2. Punished with days of confinement
3. Locals demonstrated against German arrogance
4. G officers ordered to disperse demonstration
5. 15 arrested (including president, 2 judges, the state attorney of the Zabern Supreme Court
6. Despite liberal press outcry, kaiser condones their actions

Question 9

What was the population, %rural and %urban in 1871?

Answer 9

41 million

64% rural
36% urban

Question 10

What was the population, %rural and %urban in 1890?

Answer 10

49 million

58% rural
42% urban

Question 11

What was the population, %rural and %urban in 1910?

Answer 11

64 million

40% rural
60% urban

Question 12

Describe a description of the Elites and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?

Answer 12

Old landed aristocracy

Prussian junkers were the core of society

They lived in spacious homes or country states run by servants

They were involved in politics to pressure groups or supporting parties

Question 13

Describe a description of the Upper Middle Class and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?

Answer 13

Industrial managers and highly skilled experts in new industries. Educated professionals

Lives in urban communities, they bought themselves comfortable homes and paid for the kids education; had a few servants

Involved in Länder politics or local town government

Question 14

Describe a description of the Mittlestand and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?

Answer 14

White collar workers, commonly small businessman shopkeepers and minor officials

They wanted education for their children

Conversations about politics

Question 15

Describe a description of the Working Class and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?

Answer 15

Semi skilled workers who were very conscious of their superiority over other workers

They are paid more and keen to support movement or reform

Question 16

Describe a description of the Lumpenproletariat and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?

Answer 16

Lower working class were on skilled workers and more vulnerable to economic fluctuations

Largely political and on interested in revolutionary advancements

Question 17

Describe a description of the presents and how they evolved between 1871 and 1914?

Answer 17

I worked in the countryside

Interests correlated with junkers, they had a conservative outlook.

Victims of industrial change

Question 18

Define real wages

Answer 18

Income received after any price changes are taken into account; indicates a persons standard of living

Question 19

What happened to employment rates and real wages as industrialisation occurred?

Answer 19

Employment rates were generally high and real wages increased by 25% between 1895 and 1913

Question 20

What is state socialism and what do you do for the working people?

Answer 20

State socialism consists of medical, accent and old age insurance, they provided some support in times of sickness, accidents and old-age and were extended over the next 30 years

Question 21

What 5 major reforming legislation was Caprivi and Posadowsky-Wehner’s (minister for internal affairs under Bulow) responsible for?

Answer 21

1. Recognition of Trade Unions
2. Ch ages to employment laws
3. More progressive income tax
4. Extend accident insurance to 1900
5. Extend health insurance to 1903

Question 22

What is the reforming legislation recognising trade unions?

Answer 22

Trade unions were allowed to arbitrate in wage disputes and sit on industrial tribunal from 1890.

Industrial arbitration was made compulsory for larger towns in 1901

Question 23

What are the 4 reforming legislation for changes for employment laws?

Answer 23

1. included a reduction of women’s minimum working hours to 11
2. a guaranteed minimum wage
3. prohibiting on Sunday employment in 1891
4. restrictions on child employment.

Question 24

What is the major reform legislation making income tax more progressive?

Answer 24

The more person and, more than paid

Question 25

How many Germans were covered by sickness insurance, Axa insurance and pensions?

Answer 25

By 1914 15 million covered by sickness insurance

28 million covered by accident insurance

1 million received annual pensions

Question 26

What were the 5 main conditions for lower-middle and upper workers during industrialisation?

Answer 26

1. New job opportunities
2. Medical improvements
3. Leisure opportunities
4. Better transportation
5. Better communication

Question 27

Who benefited the most from industrialisation?

Answer 27

Lower – middle and upper working classes benefited the most.

Prospects of higher living standards made the lower ranks of workers less content with their share

Question 28

Who benefited released from industrialisation?

Answer 28

Lower ranks of workers

If the country was flourishing economically, they wanted the greatest share of the wealth they helped create

Question 29

What were the 4 main conditions for lower ranked workers during industrialisation?

Answer 29

1. Cramped living conditions
2. Large families fearful of unemployment
3. Fear Encourage protests
4. Attracted to SPD promises

Question 30

What were the conditions like for the ‘working class’ of peasants in the countryside during industrialisation?

Answer 30

Peasants left their land looking for a better job

Over 1 million internal immigrants went into the Rhineland by 1907.

In 1871, only a German towns had more than 100,000 inhabitants. By 1910 there were 48 towns like that

Question 31

What were the conditions like for the people whose lives remained predominantly rural?

Answer 31

The greater dependence on any money based economy resulted in the rural economy flourishing

Some of the constraints that made rural life harsh and isolated disappeared

The greater interaction between towns and countryside meant that fortune could see itself as better off in 1917 and 1871