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AQA A Level History: Germany > 2 Government Opposition: 1871 - 1888 > Flashcards

2 Government Opposition: 1871 - 1888 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the most powerful party in Germany in 1871?

A

National Liberals

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2
Q

How many seats a did the most popular party get?

A

125

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3
Q

What was the Septennial Law?

A

Bismarck wanted permanent army funding but the Reichstag did not want to give up any more power. They both compromised and the army budgeting was review every 7 years

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4
Q

When was the Septennial Law passed?

A

1874

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5
Q

Why was the Septennial Law a defeat and a success for Bismarck?

A

He took some of the Reichstag power away, but they still has influence

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6
Q

What was the press Law?

A

Revoked the freedom of press to print what they want

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7
Q

What document said that the pope could do do no wrong?

A

Doctrine of Papl Infallibility

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8
Q

When was the document about the pope published?

A

1870

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9
Q

What did Bismarck call his enemies?

A

Reichfiende

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10
Q

Who was the leader of the Centre Party?

A

Windhorst

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11
Q

Name the number of seats in two CP election

A

1871: 58
1881: 100

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12
Q

Why would Bismarck be concerned about the rise of the CP?

A

He believed Germans should be loyal to the state, not the church

By 1874, they became the second biggest party in the Reichstag

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13
Q

How did Bismarck retaliate their growth?

A

Kulturkampf

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14
Q

What is the kulturkampf?

A

Conflict between government and religious authorities

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15
Q

How long did the Kulturkampf last for?

A

4 years

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16
Q

What happens in the first year of the Kulturkampf?

A

1871: Press attack the church

Catholic section of the Prussian ministry of religion and education was abolished

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17
Q

What happened in the second year of the Kulturkampf?

A

1872: Treatment if Jesuits

Forbidden from preaching or entering schools

An anti-Jesuit campaign gradually spread through Germany

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18
Q

What happens in the third year of the Kulturkampf?

A

1873: May/Falk Laws

Brought the church further under the government

Catholic education became under state control

Priests has to take a state test to confirm their state loyalty to stay or become a priest.

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19
Q

What happened in the fourth year of the Kulturkampf?

A

1874: Registration Change

Registration of births, marriages, and deaths were under state control.

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20
Q

What was the result of the Kulturkampf?

A

By 1876, all catholic bishops had been exiled or imprisoned

1,400/4,600 parishes without priests

Increased CP support. 91 seats in ‘74’

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21
Q

What factors were involved in Bismarck stopping the Kulturkampf?

A

Wanted a closer alliance with catholic Austria

Suspected the CP were helping the French

Needed CP and NL alliance in ending free trade

Felt socialise was a greater threat

When Pius IX died in 78, the new pope wanted reconciliation

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22
Q

What was the new popes name?

A

Leo XIII

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23
Q

What are some advantages of free trade?

A

Cheaper higher quality foods being imported

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24
Q

What are some disadvantages of free trade?

A

Undercuts local sellers, bad for junkers

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25
Q

What are some advantages of protectionism?

A

Protects locals from foreign sellers

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26
Q

What are some disadvantages of protectionism?

A

The price of hood quality goods will me more expensive

Encourages retaliation from other countries

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27
Q

Who advocated for free trade in the Zollverine

A

Rudolf Delbunk

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28
Q

When did Bismarck introduce tariffs?

A

1879

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29
Q

What did Bismarck introduce tariffs on?

A

Iron, iron goods and grain

30
Q

Why did Bismarck introduce the tariffs?

A

Sympathise with the junkers about their worrying income

Price of wheat and rye were decreasing, from 238 Marks in ‘71’ to 198 Marks in ‘79’.

Favoured self sufficiency

Retaliation to Russia’s protectionism against German wheat

31
Q

Why did the National Liberals seats decline?

A

The NL were working in favour for Bismack, rather then he people

Kulturkampf 1871 - 1874
Press and Septennial Law 1874
Protectionism and Tariffs 1879

32
Q

Why did Bismarck introduce anti-socialist laws?

A

Felt socialism was an international movement and a threat to the unity of Germany

Two attempted assassinations on the Emperors life

33
Q

When was the first assassination attempt?

A

May 1878

34
Q

Who tried to assassinate the Emperor the first time?

A

A plumber and Max Hödel, former member of the SPD

35
Q

when was the second assassination attempt?

A

June 1878

A month later

36
Q

Who tries to assassinate the Emperor the second time?

A

Dr Karl Nobiling

37
Q

How did Bismarck rouse support for the Anti-Socialist Bill? Assassinations

A

Max Hödel was a former SPD member. Dr Nobiling did not have any direct ties to socialism, but he did sympathise with them.

38
Q

Name two dates elections and the number of seats the SPD won

A

1871: 2
1874: 6
1877: 12

39
Q

How did the law harm socialism in Germany?

A

Trade unions were crushed
SPD numbers initially declined
Many exiled or imprisoned with hard labour

40
Q

How did the law help socialism in Germany?

A

The socialist vote nearly doubled between 1878 and 1887
Within a few years, trade unionism was revived. By 1890 membership reached 278,000
New party newspaper

41
Q

What was the new party newspaper called?

A

The Social Democrat

42
Q

What is State Socialism?

A

Benefits given to the people

43
Q

What state socialism did Bismarck provide?

A

Accident Insurance
Medical Insurance
Pentions

44
Q

What are Bismarcks motivation for introducing state socialism?

A

To try and get people to vote for him rather than the SPD, because he was giving the people what the SPD were going to get for them.

45
Q

When was Medical Insurance introduced?

A

May 1883

46
Q

Features of the Medical Insurance

A

Paid jointly by employee and employer

Payment for medical bills for women and their families

Covered 3 million workers

47
Q

When was accident Insurance introduced?

A

June 1884

48
Q

Features of Accident Insurance

A

Paid by employer

Provided benefits and funeral grants to he injured at work

In 1886, covered 7 million agri workers

49
Q

When was the old-age Pensions introduced?

A

May 1889

50
Q

Features of the old-age Pensions

A

For people over the age of 70

51
Q

What are some successes of the anti-socialist laws?

A

Anti-Socialist laws renewed four times

No revolution before 1918

52
Q

What are some failures of the anti-socialist laws?

A

More expensive then expected

People saw ‘state socialism’ as a sham

SPD support grew.

53
Q

How many seats did the SPD have in 1890?

A

35

54
Q

What was the development in The National Liberals?

A

Dominant 1871-1878

Divided over the Press Law, Army Bill in 1874, tariff reforms and Anti-Socialist Law

Right wing of party supported Bismarck

Left wing of part joined progressives

55
Q

What was the development in The Zentrum?

A

Weakened by Kulturkampf

After 1878, supportive of anti-liberal and anti-socialist laws

Not fully reliable

56
Q

What was the development in The Social Democratic Party?

A

Formed in 1875, with a Marxist programme

Focused on fighting Reichstag elections

Grew considerably 1878-1890

Vocal in opposition to Bismarcks policies in 1880’s

57
Q

What was the development in The Conservatives?

A

Challenged by Liberal dominance

From 1878, Bismarcks strongest support base

58
Q

When did Wilhelm I die?

A

1888

59
Q

Who succeeded Wilhelm I?

A

His son, Friedrich

60
Q

Who succeeded Friedrich?

A

His son, Wilhelm

61
Q

When did Friedrich’s successor become kaiser?

A

1888

62
Q

What was the relationship like between Wilhelm II and Bismarck?

A

They disagreed a low as they were both loud and prominent characters.

63
Q

What did Wilhelm II and Bismarck disagreed on?

Minister President

A

Bismarck wanted to stay Minister President of Prussia, amd wanted to be able to control policy-making.

The kaiser believed in personal rule and wanted to limit the powers of the Minister President of Prussia.

64
Q

What did Wilhelm II and Bismarck disagreed on?

Socialism

A

Bismarck wanted to repress socialism and the workers agitation

Wilhelm II was more sympathetic and belied they should win over the industrial workers

65
Q

What did Wilhelm II and Bismarck disagreed on?

Countries

A

Bismarck wanted to maintain close relations with Russia

The Kaiser favoured Austria

66
Q

What did Wilhelm II and Bismarck disagreed on?

Public Opinion

A

The chancellor was uninterested in public opinion. Was happy to fight the Reichfiende and stay aloof in politics

The Kaiser wanted to be loved by all classes and percieved himself as a ‘Peoples Emperor’

67
Q

What two bills did Bismarck introduce to the Reichstag in 1890?

A

Army bill to increase the army by 125,000 men

To make Anti-socialist laws more severe and permanent

68
Q

What was the Reichstags reaction to Bismarcks 1890 bills?

A

They rejected them

69
Q

What was Bismarcks plans about getting the 1890 bills passed?

A

To get the Bundestrat to alter the constitution so that the Reichstag would lose most of its power and voting rights.

70
Q

What was the result of Bismarcks 1890 plan?

A

Rejected by Kaiser.

They both argues and Bismarck accused the Kaiser of ‘meddling in foreign affairs’.

Bismarck was forced to resign

71
Q

When was Bismarck forced to resign?

A

March 1890

AQA A Level History: Germany (31 decks)

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