2 Government Opposition: 1871 - 1888

Question 1

Who was the most powerful party in Germany in 1871?

Answer 1

National Liberals

Question 2

How many seats a did the most popular party get?

Answer 2

125

Question 3

What was the Septennial Law?

Answer 3

Bismarck wanted permanent army funding but the Reichstag did not want to give up any more power. They both compromised and the army budgeting was review every 7 years

Question 4

When was the Septennial Law passed?

Answer 4

1874

Question 5

Why was the Septennial Law a defeat and a success for Bismarck?

Answer 5

He took some of the Reichstag power away, but they still has influence

Question 6

What was the press Law?

Answer 6

Revoked the freedom of press to print what they want

Question 7

What document said that the pope could do do no wrong?

Answer 7

Doctrine of Papl Infallibility

Question 8

When was the document about the pope published?

Answer 8

1870

Question 9

What did Bismarck call his enemies?

Answer 9

Reichfiende

Question 10

Who was the leader of the Centre Party?

Answer 10

Windhorst

Question 11

Name the number of seats in two CP election

Answer 11

1871: 58
1881: 100

Question 12

Why would Bismarck be concerned about the rise of the CP?

Answer 12

He believed Germans should be loyal to the state, not the church

By 1874, they became the second biggest party in the Reichstag

Question 13

How did Bismarck retaliate their growth?

Answer 13

Kulturkampf

Question 14

What is the kulturkampf?

Answer 14

Conflict between government and religious authorities

Question 15

How long did the Kulturkampf last for?

Answer 15

4 years

Question 16

What happens in the first year of the Kulturkampf?

Answer 16

1871: Press attack the church

Catholic section of the Prussian ministry of religion and education was abolished

Question 17

What happened in the second year of the Kulturkampf?

Answer 17

1872: Treatment if Jesuits

Forbidden from preaching or entering schools

An anti-Jesuit campaign gradually spread through Germany

Question 18

What happens in the third year of the Kulturkampf?

Answer 18

1873: May/Falk Laws

Brought the church further under the government

Catholic education became under state control

Priests has to take a state test to confirm their state loyalty to stay or become a priest.

Question 19

What happened in the fourth year of the Kulturkampf?

Answer 19

1874: Registration Change

Registration of births, marriages, and deaths were under state control.

Question 20

What was the result of the Kulturkampf?

Answer 20

By 1876, all catholic bishops had been exiled or imprisoned

1,400/4,600 parishes without priests

Increased CP support. 91 seats in ‘74’

Question 21

What factors were involved in Bismarck stopping the Kulturkampf?

Answer 21

Wanted a closer alliance with catholic Austria

Suspected the CP were helping the French

Needed CP and NL alliance in ending free trade

Felt socialise was a greater threat

When Pius IX died in 78, the new pope wanted reconciliation

Question 22

What was the new popes name?

Answer 22

Leo XIII

Question 23

What are some advantages of free trade?

Answer 23

Cheaper higher quality foods being imported

Question 24

What are some disadvantages of free trade?

Answer 24

Undercuts local sellers, bad for junkers

Question 25

What are some advantages of protectionism?

Answer 25

Protects locals from foreign sellers

Question 26

What are some disadvantages of protectionism?

Answer 26

The price of hood quality goods will me more expensive Encourages retaliation from other countries

Question 27

Who advocated for free trade in the Zollverine

Answer 27

Rudolf Delbunk

Question 28

When did Bismarck introduce tariffs?

Answer 28

1879

Question 29

What did Bismarck introduce tariffs on?

Answer 29

Iron, iron goods and grain

Question 30

Why did Bismarck introduce the tariffs?

Answer 30

Sympathise with the junkers about their worrying income Price of wheat and rye were decreasing, from 238 Marks in ‘71’ to 198 Marks in ‘79’. Favoured self sufficiency Retaliation to Russia’s protectionism against German wheat

Question 31

Why did the National Liberals seats decline?

Answer 31

The NL were working in favour for Bismack, rather then he people Kulturkampf 1871 - 1874 Press and Septennial Law 1874 Protectionism and Tariffs 1879

Question 32

Why did Bismarck introduce anti-socialist laws?

Answer 32

Felt socialism was an international movement and a threat to the unity of Germany Two attempted assassinations on the Emperors life

Question 33

When was the first assassination attempt?

Answer 33

May 1878

Question 34

Who tried to assassinate the Emperor the first time?

Answer 34

A plumber and Max Hödel, former member of the SPD

Question 35

when was the second assassination attempt?

Answer 35

June 1878 A month later

Question 36

Who tries to assassinate the Emperor the second time?

Answer 36

Dr Karl Nobiling

Question 37

How did Bismarck rouse support for the Anti-Socialist Bill? Assassinations

Answer 37

Max Hödel was a former SPD member. Dr Nobiling did not have any direct ties to socialism, but he did sympathise with them.

Question 38

Name two dates elections and the number of seats the SPD won

Answer 38

1871: 2 1874: 6 1877: 12

Question 39

How did the law harm socialism in Germany?

Answer 39

Trade unions were crushed SPD numbers initially declined Many exiled or imprisoned with hard labour

Question 40

How did the law help socialism in Germany?

Answer 40

The socialist vote nearly doubled between 1878 and 1887 Within a few years, trade unionism was revived. By 1890 membership reached 278,000 New party newspaper

Question 41

What was the new party newspaper called?

Answer 41

The Social Democrat

Question 42

What is State Socialism?

Answer 42

Benefits given to the people

Question 43

What state socialism did Bismarck provide?

Answer 43

Accident Insurance Medical Insurance Pentions

Question 44

What are Bismarcks motivation for introducing state socialism?

Answer 44

To try and get people to vote for him rather than the SPD, because he was giving the people what the SPD were going to get for them.

Question 45

When was Medical Insurance introduced?

Answer 45

May 1883

Question 46

Features of the Medical Insurance

Answer 46

Paid jointly by employee and employer Payment for medical bills for women and their families Covered 3 million workers

Question 47

When was accident Insurance introduced?

Answer 47

June 1884

Question 48

Features of Accident Insurance

Answer 48

Paid by employer Provided benefits and funeral grants to he injured at work In 1886, covered 7 million agri workers

Question 49

When was the old-age Pensions introduced?

Answer 49

May 1889

Question 50

Features of the old-age Pensions

Answer 50

For people over the age of 70

Question 51

What are some successes of the anti-socialist laws?

Answer 51

Anti-Socialist laws renewed four times No revolution before 1918

Question 52

What are some failures of the anti-socialist laws?

Answer 52

More expensive then expected People saw ‘state socialism’ as a sham SPD support grew.

Question 53

How many seats did the SPD have in 1890?

Answer 53

35

Question 54

What was the development in The National Liberals?

Answer 54

Dominant 1871-1878 Divided over the Press Law, Army Bill in 1874, tariff reforms and Anti-Socialist Law Right wing of party supported Bismarck Left wing of part joined progressives

Question 55

What was the development in The Zentrum?

Answer 55

Weakened by Kulturkampf After 1878, supportive of anti-liberal and anti-socialist laws Not fully reliable

Question 56

What was the development in The Social Democratic Party?

Answer 56

Formed in 1875, with a Marxist programme Focused on fighting Reichstag elections Grew considerably 1878-1890 Vocal in opposition to Bismarcks policies in 1880’s

Question 57

What was the development in The Conservatives?

Answer 57

Challenged by Liberal dominance From 1878, Bismarcks strongest support base

Question 58

When did Wilhelm I die?

Answer 58

1888

Question 59

Who succeeded Wilhelm I?

Answer 59

His son, Friedrich

Question 60

Who succeeded Friedrich?

Answer 60

His son, Wilhelm

Question 61

When did Friedrich’s successor become kaiser?

Answer 61

1888

Question 62

What was the relationship like between Wilhelm II and Bismarck?

Answer 62

They disagreed a low as they were both loud and prominent characters.

Question 63

What did Wilhelm II and Bismarck disagreed on? | Minister President

Answer 63

Bismarck wanted to stay Minister President of Prussia, amd wanted to be able to control policy-making. The kaiser believed in personal rule and wanted to limit the powers of the Minister President of Prussia.

Question 64

What did Wilhelm II and Bismarck disagreed on? | Socialism

Answer 64

Bismarck wanted to repress socialism and the workers agitation Wilhelm II was more sympathetic and belied they should win over the industrial workers

Question 65

What did Wilhelm II and Bismarck disagreed on? | Countries

Answer 65

Bismarck wanted to maintain close relations with Russia The Kaiser favoured Austria

Question 66

What did Wilhelm II and Bismarck disagreed on? | Public Opinion

Answer 66

The chancellor was uninterested in public opinion. Was happy to fight the Reichfiende and stay aloof in politics The Kaiser wanted to be loved by all classes and percieved himself as a ‘Peoples Emperor’

Question 67

What two bills did Bismarck introduce to the Reichstag in 1890?

Answer 67

Army bill to increase the army by 125,000 men To make Anti-socialist laws more severe and permanent

Question 68

What was the Reichstags reaction to Bismarcks 1890 bills?

Answer 68

They rejected them

Question 69

What was Bismarcks plans about getting the 1890 bills passed?

Answer 69

To get the Bundestrat to alter the constitution so that the Reichstag would lose most of its power and voting rights.

Question 70

What was the result of Bismarcks 1890 plan?

Answer 70

Rejected by Kaiser. They both argues and Bismarck accused the Kaiser of ‘meddling in foreign affairs’. Bismarck was forced to resign

Question 71

When was Bismarck forced to resign?

Answer 71

March 1890