DEVELOPING AS A RESEARCHER

Question 1

Define qualitative

Answer 1

Provides understanding of experiences, perceptions, motivations, intentions. Behaviours based on description and observation.

Question 2

What is the goal of a study design in qualitative methods

Answer 2

participants are comfortable with the researcher

Question 3

What are some methods used in qualitative studies

Answer 3

Semi structured interviews, focus groups, participant observation

Question 4

Define quantitative

Answer 4

Based on numerical data and usually seeks to establish casual relationships and differences between variables

• Observations measured in numbers
• Start with a testable hypothesis

Question 5

What is the goal of a quantitative study design

Answer 5

Findings can be repeatedly tested by others.

Variables are defined and statistical analyses test relationships and differences between variables/ groups.

Question 6

What are some methods used in quantitative studies

Answer 6

Surveys, RCTS, Lab experiments

Question 7

How to choose target article in a peer review process

Answer 7

Topic, target audience, level, type & length of articles, speed of review process, comply with journal guidelines.

Question 8

What is the editors role in a peer review process

Answer 8

• Can influence the content of a journal and the scientific community.
• Can also decide who the reviewers will be, decide on section editors, decide on rejection revision & acceptance, communicating journals policies and guidance.

Question 9

What is the reviewer in a peer review process

Answer 9

Experts in the field, mainly within the topic area
Process often anonymous
Unpaid, under pressure to turn over rapidly therefore can lead to drop in quality

Question 10

What are revisions in a peer review process

Answer 10

• Understand and answer the questions, suggestions and request of reviewers. Some of these questions are hard to answer which leads to a delay in journal rewriting.
• Can sometimes be multiple goes at revisions due to conflicting opinions between reviewers or new findings since submissions.

Question 11

What is rejection in the peer review process

Answer 11

• Desk rejection- usually due to not adhering to journal requirements
• Rejection after revisions- less common, suggestion to another journal

Question 12

How long is the duration of process in a peer review process

Answer 12

roughly 80 days but can range from a few months to a year.

Question 13

define research ethics

Answer 13

the ethics process aims to protect the welfare, dignity and rights of participants and researchers in the research process

Question 14

What is the declaration of Helsinki 1964

Answer 14

Statement of ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects

Question 15

What are the 6 principles to human ethics

Answer 15

• Safety & well being of all participants
• Scientific value/ validity
• Informed consent
• Anonymity, confidentiality and data protection
• Respect for participants
• Conduct research with honesty, integrity and minimal risk to participants

Question 16

What does the safety of participants involve

Answer 16

All involved are safe- researchers, participants, public, environment

Question 17

what does scientific value/ validity concern

Answer 17

• Is the study worth doing
• Is the theory supporting the hypothesis
• Is the method suitable
• Is the number of participants suitable

Question 18

What does informed consent involve

Answer 18

All participants have given verbal or written consent

They understand the implications of consent

Question 19

What does anonymity, confidentiality and data protection involve

Answer 19

anonymity- identity of participants is not known to researchers

confidentiality- when researcher knows identity of participant but protects it

data protection- where is data stored
who has access to it

Question 20

what does respect for participants Involve

Answer 20

• Keeping their private info confidential
• Allowing them to withdraw at any point
• Monitoring welfare
• Informing them of any new info that may arise

Question 21

What is the theoretical perspective

Answer 21

The philosophical stance informing the methodology and thus providing a context for the research process and grounding its logic and criteria

What is there?
What is reality?
How can we understand existance?

Question 22

What is epistemology

Answer 22

The theory of knowledge embedded in the theoretical perspective and thereby in the methodology.

How we know what we know?
What is valid knowledge?
How can we obtain it?

Question 23

Define methodology

Answer 23

The strategy, plan of action and process of design that lies behind the choice and use of particular methods. It links the choice and the use of methods to the desired outcomes.

Question 24

define methods

Answer 24

The techniques or procedures used to gather and analyze data/ evidence related to a specific research question or hypothesis.

Question 25

what is the world view of objectivism

Answer 25

the whole truth

Question 26

what is the world view of constructivism

Answer 26

the whole truth is constructed

Question 27

What is ethnography

Answer 27

the scientific description of peoples cultures with their customs, habits and mutual differences

Question 28

state some types of interview

Answer 28

1. individual- group
2. structured, semi structured, structured
3. open questions-closed questions
4. styles- bibliographical, clinical, ethnographical
5. method- face 2 face, telephone, computer assisted

Question 29

what are the strengths to interviewing

Answer 29

Good rate of return
Extensive interaction
Possible to probe
Flexible

Question 30

what are the limitations to interviewing

Answer 30

Subjective to interpretation
Limited reliability
Memory decay

Question 31

how to design the interview

Answer 31

Why are u asking people questions?
Why those people?
What are you asking
How are u going to ask them

Question 32

questions to avoid in an interview

Answer 32

double questions
long questions
bias questions
invasion of privacy (how much do u earn)

Question 33

a good interviewer must…

Answer 33

have listening skills
straightforward questions
be sensitive
enjoy it

Question 34

what is median

Answer 34

The middle of the set of numbers

Question 35

what is mean

Answer 35

The most common number in a data set

Question 36

what is mode

Answer 36

The average of a data set

Question 37

what is the range

Answer 37

Highest score minus the lowest score of data

Question 38

what Is the variance

Answer 38

The degree of spread within the data. How close the score is to the middle of the distribution. (The larger the spread, the larger the variance)

Question 39

what is standard deviation

Answer 39

A measure of how the average score deviates away from the mean

Question 40

what are the different types of statistics

Answer 40

descriptive

inferential

Question 41

what are descriptive stats

Answer 41

• Summarises features from a collection of data

- Mean, median, range, standard deviation (typically reported using graphs, figures and tables)

Question 42

what are inferential stats

Answer 42

• Draw conclusions from one group of data that can be generalized to another group/ population/ situation
• T test, correlation, ANOVA, regression

Question 43

Why dont we test the whole population

Answer 43

Time
cost
inability to access entire population

Question 44

What can be some issues with sampling

Answer 44

• sample size too small

- non representative sample

Question 45

During the review process, at what time point can a scientific paper be DESK REJECTED

Answer 45

When submitted the first time as it doesn’t comply to the guidelines to authors