Determinants of Health

Question 1

What are the influences on health

Answer 1

-disease, social class, finance, diet, race, gender, health and social services, personal relationships, employment, social policy, medicine, leisure facilities, culture, lifestyle choices

Question 2

What are the social determinants of health (WHO)

Answer 2

• The social determinants of health are the conditioned in which people are born, grow, live, work and age
• These circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels
• The social determinants of health are mostly responsible for health inequities- the unfair and avoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries

Question 3

What are the 5 levels (largest to smallest impact) of the health impact pyramid?

Answer 3

• Socioeconomic factors
• Changing the context
• Long lasting protective interventions
• Clinical interactions
• Counselling and education

Question 4

What is meant by health inequalities?

Answer 4

• Ultimately about the differences in the staus of peoples health
• Also commonly used to refer to differences in the care that people recieve and the opportunities that they have to lead healthy lives, both of which can contribute to their health status

Question 5

What can health inequalities involve differences in?

Answer 5

• Health status, e.g. life expectance and prevalence of health conditions
• Access to care, e.g. treatments
• Quality and experience of care
• Behavioural risks to health
• Wider determinants of health

Question 6

What are the four factors that health inequalities are often analysed and addressed by

Answer 6

1- Socio-economic factors
2-Geography e.g. region or whether urban or rural
3-Specific characteristics inc. those protected in law such as gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity or disability
4-Socially excluded groups e.g. people experiencing homelessness, migrants

Question 7

What is the cycle of deprivation?

Answer 7

Children who experience social deprivation are more likely to experience poor health or risk taking health behaviour in adulthood

Question 8

What does ACE stand for

Answer 8

Adverse Childhood Experience

Question 9

What is an ACE?

Answer 9

Stressful experiences occuring during childhood that directly harm a child or affect the environment in which they live

Question 10

What are common consequences of ACE?

Answer 10

• Alcoholism and alcohol abuse
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Depression
• Health-related quality of life
• IHD
• Liver disease