dermatology Flashcards
2 dermatology therapies
topical or systemic
when are allergy shots used
prior to C.S.
what is the best test before allergy shots are given
skin
name an immunosuppressive agent
cyclosporine
side effects of cyclosporine
liver toxicity, gingival hyperplasia
1 derm drug
cephalexin
what is clavamox
amoxycillin and clavolanic acid
enroflaxacin
flouroquinalone, baytril
what is enrofloxacin used to treat
severe infections
what treats staph.
neomycin, gentamycin, mupirocin
what is a major side effect of neomycin
orally toxic (topical only)
gentamycin side effects
nephrotoxic (IV) ototoxic
which antibiotic is a bactoderm
mupirocin
what is miconazol
a topical ointment and shampoo used to treat ringworm and yeast
name 3 antihistamines
diphenhydraamine, hydroxyzine, cyproheptadine
long acting steroids
pred, methylpred, betamethosone
what is ivermectin
antiparacytic
when should ivermectin not be used
in herding breeds
what does frontline plus treat
fleas, larva, chewing lice, sarcoptis, chyletiella
how long should therapeutic shampoos stay on
10 min
what strength is prescription chlorhexidine
> 2%
what does cholhexidine do
antimicrobial; kills bacteria and yeast
what does iodine do
antimicrobial, removes exudate
what does benzoyl peroxide do
antipyritic, andisperitic, keratolytic
what does oatmeal do
soothing antipruritic
what does salicylic acid do
with sulphur(sulfur); keratolytic, keratoplastic
what does sulphur (sulfur) do
antiseptic, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, high levels of antiparasitic
what does tar do
degreaser, antipyritic, keretoplastic
what does pramoxine do
temporary itch relief, local antistetic, antipyritic
what do corticosteroids do
antipruritic, antiinflammatory; spray and shampoo
what does lime sulfur treat
yeast/fungus, bacteria, parasites; dips
define pyoderma
any perulent skin disease; skin infection; pus in the skin
what causes pyoderma
staphylococcus
is pyoderma a primary or secondary infection
secondary often due to allergies, nutrition, steroid overuse, ectoparasites, and endocrine disease
pyoderma symptoms
pruritis, erythema, alopecia, pustules, exudate
define epidermal collorette
red rings
what are the 2 classifications of pyoderma
superficial and deep
how is pyoderma diagnosed
skin scrapes, impression smears, culture, biopsy, bloodwork
what diagnnostic is best for auto-immune diseases
biopsy and bloodwork
what are the treatment options for pyoderma
treat underlying cause, antibiotics, antipruritics, flea controll
what is atopy
skin allergy
define atopy
hypersensitivity to allergens from excess IgE production
atopy symptoms
pruritus, pyoderma (feet and ears), miliary dermatitis
how do you diagnose atopy
history/symptoms, rule out dz., allergy testing
what is the treatment of atopy
immunotherapy, immunosuppressive, symptomatic therapy
what is FAD
flea allergy dermatitis
what is the etiology of FAD
hypersensitivity to flea bites
what flea causes FAD
ctenocephalides felis
where are FAD lesions found
tailhead
how long should you treat for each stage of flea
3 months minimum
which stages can be treated
eggs, pupae, adult
what is the most common food allergy
protein
how long does a food trial last
6-8 weeks
what is the most common dermaphyte
microsporum canis
are dermatophytes zoonotic
yes
what are the clinical signs of dermatophyes in cats
asymptomatic
symptoms of dermatophytes
alopecia, scales, crusting
how do you diagnose dermatophytes
DTM dermatophyte test medium
how long should a DTM be left to grow
14 days
how long should dermatophytes be treated
2 weeks after negative culture
clinical signs of hypothyroidism
bilaterally symmetrical truncal alopecia
clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism
rat tail, thin skin
sex hormone imbalance cure
spay or neuter
common skin disease of bulldogs and boxers
seasonal alopecia
how is seasonal alopecia treated
melatonin
what is scabies
infestation of mites
scabies treatment
ivermectin, revolution, frontline, and amitraz dip
demodex etiology
burrowing mite; demodex canis
is demodex zoonotic
no
demodex treatment
benzoyl peroxide shampoo, amitraze, ivermectin, antibiotic
cheyletiella AKA.
walking dandruff or fur mite
is cheyletiella zoonotic
yes
cheyletiella diagnosis
tape prep.
cheyletiella treatment
ivermectin, frontline, dips
cuterebra AKA.
warbles
myaisis AKA.
maggots
lice AKA
pediculosis
define autoimmune skin disease
antibodies against basal cell layer of the skin, or disruption of basement membrane
how do you cure autoimmune skin disease
incurable
autoimmune skin disease symptoms
erosions, ulcers, pus and crust, may effect nail bed
autoimmune skin disease pemphigus
skin and MM
autoimmune skin disease lupus erythematosus
face and feet
autoimmune skin disease diagnosis
skin biopsy
autoimmune skin disease treatment
steroids, cyclosporine, antibiotics
dermal neoplasia diagnosis
FNA, cytology, biopsy
dermal neoplasia treatment
depends on diagnosis
canine melanoma vax.
immunology
Benign tumors
histiocytoma, lipoma, papilloma, sebaceous cyst
define lipoma
round, soft, fatty mass
how do you diagnose lipoma
FNA
papilloma AKA
warts
papilloma treatment
interferon or azithromycin
malignant tumors
basal cell tumor, melanoma, mast cell tumor, squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma
what tumor is more common on the head of cats
basal cell tumor
common oral tumor in dogs
melanoma
what does a mast cell tumor look like
can look like anything
what type of granules does a mast cell tumor contain
histamine
what is the #1 oral tumor in cats
squamous cell carcinoma
where are squamous cell carcinomas most common
on easily sun damaged skin
where is a fibrosarcoma found
skin and oral cavities
what is the hearing organ
organ of corti
secondary otitis causes
bacteria, fungi, malassezia
primary otitis causes
parasites, atopy, trauma and polups
most common otitis etiology in cats
malassezia
most common otitis classification
externae
otitis symptoms
NONE!, discharge, odor hemattoma, inner ear dz
black discharge indicates
mites
brown discharge indicates
yeast
yellow discharge indicates
bacteria
when is saline used to clean the ear
tympanic membrane rupture
when are antimicrobials used for ears
middle ear infections
when is ear surgery indicated
N-stage ears
