4: neurology and rabies Flashcards
what are the 2 main parts of the nercous system
central and peripheral
what are the 4 parts of the brain
cerebrum, brainstem, vestibular system, cerebellum
what function does the cerebrum have (5)
behavior, vision, emotion, learning, logic
what function does the brainstem have (2)
mental status, body function
what function does the vestibular system have (2)
balance and proprioception
what function does the cerebellum have (2)
coordination and balance
why do we do a neuro exam
localize lesion, diagnosis, prognosis
what cranial nerves does PLR test
2 & 3
what cranial nerves does menace test
2 & 7
what cranial nerves does corneal reflex test
5 & 7
what cranial nerves does gag reflex test
9 & 10
what cranial nerves does oculo-vestibular
3, 4, 6, & 8
what do reflexes test
peripheral nerves or spinal cord only
what does proprioception test (4)
knuckling, hopping, wheelbarrowing, walking coordination
what is the most common cause of seizures in dogs
ideopathic epilepsy
name 2 long term seizure medications
potassium bromide and phenobarbitol
name an emergency seizure medication
diazepam
how are drug levels monitored
bloodwork, liver enzymes, diagnostic lab
how long can a drug take to reach adequate levels in the bloodstream
7-10 days
what are 2 emergency seizure types
status epilepticus and cluster seizures
what is status epilepticus
actively seizing
what are cluster seizures
multiple seizures in a short time frame
name 2 causes of encephalitis
rabies and distemper
name 2 congenital diseases
cerebellar hypoplasia and hydrocephaly
what is cerebellar hypoplasia linked to
panleukopenia in cats
what does nystagmus, head tilt, circling, ataxia, nausea, and V+ indicate
vestibular disease
what is the general prognosis for vestibular disease
good
what is the most common brain tumor in dogs and cats
maningioma
what medications can be used to treat cognitive dysfunction
vitamins and anipryl(selegiine)
what are the 2 types of IVDD
type I and type II
what is type I IVDD
acute injury
what is type II IVDD
chronic degeneration
how is IVDD diagnosed
radiographs, myelogram, and MRI
how is IVDD treated
medically or surgical
how is most likely to get wobbler syndrome
large breeds- Doberman and Great Dane; horses
how is wobbler dyndrome diagnosed
radiographs, myelogram, and MRI
how is wobbler dyndrome treated
medically or surgical
how do you diagnose discospondylitis
exam, bloodwoork, radiograph, culture, biopsy, MRI
how do you treat discospondylitis
long term ABX and pain meds
what is the most common cause of rabies in domestic animals on the east coast
raccoons
what is the most common cause of human exposure to rabies
bats
how is rabies diagnosed
post mortem brain tissue tests
with a spinal cord injury from C1-T2 what is affected
front and rear legs
with a spinal cord injury from T3-L3 what is affected
rear legs
with a spinal cord injury from L4-S3 what is affected
rear legs and perineum
with a spinal cord injury from S1-S3 what is affected
sciatic nerve and perineum
what is a common neurologic disease in older dogs
brain tumor
what is the most common type of epilepsy
idiopathic/primary
are seizures generally an emergency
no
when are seizures considered an emergency
continued for more than 5-10 min. or repeated clusters
what can missed doses of phenobarbitol lead to
seizures
what drug should not be used in seizure patients
acepromazine
what type of disease is distemper
viral
what is the medical treatment of hydrocephalus
feurosimide or manitol
what do embolus symptoms depend on
location
with IVDD what function will be lost first
motor before secondary
where is peripheral nerve disease commonly found
brachial plexus and caudal cervical nerve roots
what are the 2 types of deafness
conductive and neural
what virus causes rabies
rhabdovirus
what is rabies incubation period
3-8 weeks; up to 6 months
what state is rabies free
hawaii
how soon does death occur with rabies
within 10 days
what is the diagnosis for rabies
direct flourescent antibody test on fresh brain tissue
how soon do symptoms usually occur in humans
30-50 days
how soon does death occur in humans
within 3-20 days of symptoms
what should be done with a biter who is up to date on rabies vaccine
10 day quarantine
what should be done with a biter whos rabies vaccine is outdated
euthanized or (discuraged) 10 day quarantine
up to date animal is bitten by a rabid animal
law requires a 90 day quarantine
out of date animal is bitten by a rabid animal
euthanized or 180 day quarantine
human bite with non vaccinated animal
euthanazia
human bite with vaccinated animal
10 day quarantine without vaccine
