Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USMLE > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Layers of epidermis

A

From surface to base:

  • stratum corneum (keratin-containing)
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum spinosum (desmosome containing)
  • stratum basale (stem cell site)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Zonula occludens

A

Tight junctions of skin. Prevent paracellular movement of solutes. Made of claudins and occludens. Most superficial connection of skin cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Zonula adherens

A

Adherens junctions of skin. Cadherins connect actin cytoskeletons of adjacent cells. Deep to tight junction; superficial to desmosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Macula adherens

A

Desmosomes. Provide support by keratin interactions. Autoantibodies develop against them in pemphigus vulgaris.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gap junctions

A

Deepest cell-cell junction in skin. Connexons allow for electric and chemical communication between cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hemidesmosome

A

Connects keratin in basal cells to underyling basement membrane. Autoantibodies against them in bullous pemphigoid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Spongiosis

A

epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acantholysis

A

Separation of epidermal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acanthosis

A

Epidermal hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Albinism

A

Normal melanocyte number; decreased melanin production due to decreased tyrosinase activity or defective tyrosine transport. Also can be caused by failed nueral crest migration during development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Melasma

A

Hyperpigmentation associated iwth pregnancy or OCP use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vitiligo

A

Irregular areas of depigmentation due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atopic dermatitis

A

Same thing as eczema. Prurutic eruption on skin flexures. Starts on face in infancy; appears in antecubital fossae later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis

A

Type IV hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Melanocytic nevus

A

Regular mole. Intradermal are papular; junctional are flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Psoriasis

A

Papules and plaques with silvery scale. Acanthosis (epidermal hyperplasia) wither parakeratotic scaling (nuclei still in stratum corneum). Increased stratum spinosum; decreased stratum granulosum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Auspitz sign

A

Pinpoint bleeding spots from exposure of dermal papillae when scales scraped off seen in psoriasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rosacea

A

Inflammatory skin disorder with erythematous papules and pustules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Seborrheic keratosis

A

Flat, greasy, pigmented squamous epithelial proliferation. Look stuck on. Occur on head, trunk, extremities.

20
Q

Leser-Trelat sign

A

sudden apperance of multiple seborrheic keratoses; suggests underlying malignancy

21
Q

Impetigo

A

Superficial skin infection caused by S aureus or S pyogenes. Honey colored crusting. S aureus can cause bullae as well.

22
Q

Cellulitis

A

Infection of dermis and SC tissue. Usually S pyogenes or S aureus.

23
Q

Erysipelas

A

Inferction of upper dermis and superficial lymphatics. Usually strep pyogenes. Well-defined demarcation between infected and normal skin

24
Q

Abscess

A

Pus walled off within skin. Almost alwyas S aureus

25
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A

Deep tissue injury from anaerobes or S pyogenes. Causes crepitus. Bullae and purplish color to skin

26
Q

Staph scalded skin syndrome

A

Exotoxin destroys keratinocyte attachments in stratum granulosum. Fever, rash, skin sloughing

27
Q

Molloscum contagiosum

A

Papules caused by poxvirus (dsDNA, replicates in cytoplasm)

28
Q

Hairy leukoplakia

A

Irregular, white, painless plaques on tongue that can’t be scraped off. Caused by EBV in immunocompromised patients.

29
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris

A

Potentially fatal. IgG against desmoglein in desmosomes. Flaccid intraepidermal bullae. Oral mucosa involved. Separation of epidermis on manual stroking of skin. Net-like apattern on IF.

30
Q

Bullous pemphigoid

A

IgG against hemidesmosomes. Tense blisters containing eosinophils on skin. Oral mucosa spared. Linear pattern on IF.

31
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis

A

Pruritic papules, vesicles, bullae due to IgA deposits at tips of dermal papillae. Associatd with celica

32
Q

Erythema multiforme

A

Associated with infections, drugs, cancer, and autoimmune disease. Multiple types of lesions

33
Q

Stevens Johnson syndrome

A

Fever, bullae and necrosis, skin sloughing. High mortality rate. Adverse drug reaction

34
Q

Acanthosis nigricans

A

Epidermal hyperplasia causing hyperpigmented thickening of skin in axilla or neck. Associated with high insulin and visceral malignancies

35
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

Premalignant lesions caused by sun exposure. Small, rough, red or brown papules or plaques.

36
Q

Erythema nodosum

A

Painful inflammatory lesions of subcutaneous fat on anterior shins

37
Q

Lichen planus

A

Associated with hep C. Pruritic purple polygonal palmar papules and plaques. Wickham strae if mucosal involvement- reticular white lines.

38
Q

Pityriasis rosea

A

Patch followed by other scaly erythematous plaques in christmas ree distriution. Self-resolves in 6-8 weeks

39
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Pink pearly nodules. Often with telangiectasias, rolled borders, central crusting or ulceration. Palisading nuclei

40
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Associated with immunosuppression. Face, lower lip, ears, and hands are most common spot. Ulcerative red lesions with frequent scale. Keratin pearls on histology. Actinic keratosis is precursor lesion.

41
Q

Melanoma

A

S-100 tumor marker. Depth of tumor correlates with risk of metastasis.

Types: superficial spreading, nodular, lentigo maligna, acral lentiginous

BRAF mutations common

42
Q

Types of bruises

A

Petechiae: pinpoint to pinhead (less than 5mm) bruises

Purpora: 5mm to 1 cm

Ecchymoses: over 1cm

43
Q

TGF beta

A

Stimulates connective tissue synthesis and remodeling of ECM. Persistently elevated in formation of keloid scars

44
Q

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

A

Can be caused by procollagen peptidase deficiency, reuslting in impaired cleavage of terminal propeptides in ECM.

45
Q

Response to foreign body in a wound

A

Granulation tissue

USMLE (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions