Anatomy

Question 1

Direct inguinal hernia

Answer 1

Protrudes through abdominal wall through Hasselbach’s triangle, medial to inferior epigastric vessels, through superficial ring. More common in older men.

Question 2

Indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 2

Protrudes through abdominal wall lateral to inferior epigastric vessels (lateral to triangle) and goes through both superficial and deep rings and into the scrotum. Occurs due to failure of the processus vaginalis to close.

Question 3

Inguinal triangle

Answer 3

Made up of rectus abdominus medially, inguinal ligament inferolaterally, and inferior epigastric vessels superolaterally

Question 4

Functions of musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 4

Innervates biceps. Sensation to lateral forearm.

Question 5

Innervation for erection

Answer 5

Parasympathetics of S2-S4, which also innervates anal and penile sensation.

Question 6

Orther syndrome

Answer 6

Compression of right recurrent laryngeal nerve by enlarged left atrium.

Question 7

Relationship between internal jugular vein and common carotid artery

Answer 7

IJV lateral to common carotid

Question 8

Cause of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 8

Failure of pleuroperitoneal canal to close completely

Question 9

Right dominant circulation

Answer 9

RCA gives off posterior descending artery

Question 10

Nerve damaged in fracture of surgical neck of humerus

Answer 10

Axillary nerve

Question 11

Blood supply to pancreas

Answer 11

Branches of SMA and gastroduodenal artery

Question 12

Layers of epidermis (bottom to top with function)

Answer 12

Stratum basalis: generates keratinocytes, rapidly divides, where melanocytes live
Stratum spinosum: desmosomes, langerhans immune cells
Stratum granulosum: keratohyalin granules, releases lamellar bodies to form the waterproof lipid layer of skin
Stratum lucidum: clear layer of dead keratinocytes without nuclei
Stratum corneum: layers of flat dead keratinocytes that slough

Question 13

Nerves associated with cribriform plate

Answer 13

CNI

Question 14

Nerve and vessel associated with optic canal

Answer 14

CNII, opthalmic artery

Question 15

Nerves and vessels associated with superior orbital fissure

Answer 15

CNIII, IV, V1, VI, superior opthalmic veins

Question 16

Nerve associated with foramen rotundum

Answer 16

V2

Question 17

Nerve associated with foramen ovale

Answer 17

V3

Question 18

Vessels associated with foramen spinosum

Answer 18

Middle meningeal artery and vein

Question 19

Nerves associated with internal auditory meatus

Answer 19

VII and VIII

Question 20

Nerves associated with jugular foramen

Answer 20

IX, X, XI

Question 21

Nervs associated with hypoglossal canal

Answer 21

XII

Question 22

Nerves associated with foramen magnum

Answer 22

Vertebral artery

Question 23

Nerves associated with stylomastoid foramen

Answer 23

VII

Question 24

Cardinal ligaments

Answer 24

At base of broad ligaments. Contain uterine arteries and veins.

Question 25

Meissner’s vs pacini corpuscles

Answer 25

Meissners: light touch
Pacini: vibration, course touch, pressure

Question 26

Right lymphatic duct

Answer 26

Drains right chest, back, arm, neck, head. Empties into angle between internal jugular and subclavian veins.

Question 27

Neurofibromatosis type 2

Answer 27

Classically presents with bilateral acoustic neuromas. Optic gliomas and juvenile cataracts also classic findings. Caused by mutation of tumor suppressor gene merlin on chromosome 22.

Question 28

Neurologic findings of vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 28

Degeneration of neurons and myelin in dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tract, and spinocerebellar tracts lead to dementia-like symptoms and ataxia

Question 29

Result of straddle injury

Answer 29

Can cause rupture of urethra below urogenital diaphragm. Causes urine to flow into scrotum and perineal region.

Question 30

Yolk sac tumor of testis

Answer 30

Peak incidence in infancy and early childhood. Elevated alpha fetoprotein. Lump in testicle + pain.

Question 31

Suspensory ligament of ovary

Answer 31

Contain ovarian arteries and viens

Question 32

Tensor typmpani

Answer 32

Muscle that pulls tympanic membrane medially, increasing tension on it. Innervated by V3.

Question 33

Anatomy of bronchopulmonary segments

Answer 33

Supplied by tertiary bronchus, bronchial artery, and pulmonary partery which run together in center of segments. Veins and lymphatics drain together along edges of segments.