Dermatology Flashcards
the 3 layers of the skin
epidermis - keratinocytes
dermis - CT and vessels
subcutaneous fat also called hypodermis
the 5 layers of the epidermis
“Come Let’s Get Sun Burned”
straum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale - contain stem cells
stratum basale contain which type of cells
stem cells - capable of regenerating the epithelial cells
stratum spinosum
contains desmosomes - forms the spines in cells
Stratum granulosum
keratohyalin granules (causes this layer to be dark) that form keratin filaments
stratum lucidum
clear layer of dead skin cells
stratum corneum
contain anucleated cells filled with keratin filaments (tough outer layer of the skin)
processes that tend to cause leaky vessels affect what layer of the skin?
the dermis - where CT and blood vessels are located
Hyperkeratosis
thickening of the stratum corneum due to an excess of keratin
Occurs in:
Psorisas - plaque build up
Calluses on palms and soles of feet
Hyperkeratosis - thickening of the stratum corneum due to an excess of keratin
Psorisas - Hyperkeratosis - thickening of the stratum corneum due to an excess of keratin
Parakeratosis - hyperkeratosis + RETAINED NUCLEI in the stratum corneum; indicates hyperproliferation
Occurs in:
psoriasis
malignancies
Parakeratosis
hyperkeratosis + RETAINED NUCLEI in the stratum corneum; indicates hyperproliferation
Occurs in:
psoriasis
malignancies
Hypergranulosis is a classic feature seen in which skin pathology?
lichen planus
Hypergranulosis
increased thickening of the stratum granulosum; classic finding in lichen planus
Spongiosis - fluid accumulation (edema) of the epidermis; seen in eczema and many other skin disorders
Spongiosis
fluid accumulation (edema) of the epidermis; seen in eczema and many other skin disorders
Acantholysis
loss of connections between keratinocytes - often loss of desmosomes; “rounded” keratinocytes that are detached, floating freely in the epidermis
key feature in - pemphigus vulgaris
Acantholysis is a ket feature in which skin pathology?
pemphigus vulgaris
Acantholysis - loss of connections between keratinocytes - often loss of desmosomes; “rounded” keratinocytes that are detached, floating freely in the epidermis - can lead to the formation of a blister
key feature in - pemphigus vulgaris
Acanthosis
diffuse epidermal hyperplasia - elongated rete ridges and **SPINOUS layer thickening
Which layer of the epidermis thickens to form elongated rete ridges in acanthosis?
stratum spinosum
Acanthosis Nigricans
darkened/hyperpigmented plaques on skin in skin folds (classically the neck and axillae); hyperkeratosis is present - associated with insulin resistance and very rarely associated with malignancy (gastric adenocarcinoma)
macula
flat lesion that is <1 cm (m=mini)
ex: freckles - increased amount of melanin