Dermatology

Question 1

What is the hallmark cytology finding in the pemphigus complex?

Answer 1

Acantholytic keratinocytes

Question 2

What is the pathophysiology behind pemphigus?

Answer 2

Immune-mediated. Autoantibodies against parts of the desmosomes

Question 3

Where are the vesicles located for pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 3

Suprabasally (deep)

Question 4

Where do vesicles form in pemphigus foleaceus?

Answer 4

Subcorneally (superficial)

Question 5

Where are pemphigus vulgaris lesions usually visualized?

Answer 5

Oral cavity (80% of cases have these at diagnosis), mucous membranes

Question 6

What are clinical signs of pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 6

Lethargy, fever, lymphadenopathy, oral/mucosal vesicles (they are sick)

Question 7

How is pemphigus erythematous differentiated from pemphigus foleaceus?

Answer 7

Pemphigus erythematosus is clinically indistinguishable from early pemphigus foliaceus with facial involvement only.

Pemphigus foleaceus has facial involvement

Question 8

What lesion do you want to biopsy for diagnosis of pemphigus?

Answer 8

Ideally pustule

Question 9

Prognosis for pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus erythematosus?

Answer 9

Fair - require life-long immunosuppressive therapy

Question 10

What is the prognosis for pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 10

Poor

Question 11

What are the clinical signs for discoid lupus erythematous?

Answer 11

Early - Depigmentation, erythema and scaling of the nose. Cobblestone appearance to nasal planum

Late - Erosions, ulceration and crusting of nasal planum/muzzle

Question 12

What are clinical signs of systemic lupus erythematous?

Answer 12

Cutaneous signs associated with SLE include ulcerative stomatitis, seborrhea mucocutaneous ulceration, foot pad ulceration, panniculitis, urticaria and purpura.

Noncutaneous signs of SLE include polyarthritis, fever, glomerulonephritis, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, polymyositis, neurologic signs, pleuritis, myocarditis and lymphade-nopath

Question 13

What breed is predisposed to acanthosis nigricans?

Answer 13

Dachshunds

Question 14

What are the clinical signs of acanthosis nigricans?

Answer 14

Axillary and/or inguinal hyperpigmentation, lichenification, and alopecia

Question 15

What is the pathophysiology behind erythema multiforme?

Answer 15

Cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction is directed against certain antigens (drugs, infectious organisms) leading to skin lesions

Question 16

What drugs have been associated with erythema multiforme?

Answer 16

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Sulfonamides

Question 17

What is the most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs and cats?

Answer 17

Pemphigus foleaceus

Question 18

What is the main lesion in pemphigus foleaceus?

Answer 18

Subcorneal pustule - No mucosal involvement

Question 19

What is the main lesion in pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 19

Suprabasilar veiscles - CAN have muscosal involvement

Question 20

What is necrolytic migratory erythema associated with?

Answer 20

Glucagonoma

Question 21

What is necrolytic migratory erythema?

Answer 21

Characteristic skin rash most often associated with the glucagonoma, an alpha-cell tumor of the pancreatic islets

Triad findings - Diabetes mellitus, NME and weight loss