Dermatology Flashcards
What is the hallmark cytology finding in the pemphigus complex?
Acantholytic keratinocytes
What is the pathophysiology behind pemphigus?
Immune-mediated. Autoantibodies against parts of the desmosomes
Where are the vesicles located for pemphigus vulgaris?
Suprabasally (deep)
Where do vesicles form in pemphigus foleaceus?
Subcorneally (superficial)
Where are pemphigus vulgaris lesions usually visualized?
Oral cavity (80% of cases have these at diagnosis), mucous membranes
What are clinical signs of pemphigus vulgaris?
Lethargy, fever, lymphadenopathy, oral/mucosal vesicles (they are sick)
How is pemphigus erythematous differentiated from pemphigus foleaceus?
Pemphigus erythematosus is clinically indistinguishable from early pemphigus foliaceus with facial involvement only.
Pemphigus foleaceus has facial involvement
What lesion do you want to biopsy for diagnosis of pemphigus?
Ideally pustule
Prognosis for pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus erythematosus?
Fair - require life-long immunosuppressive therapy
What is the prognosis for pemphigus vulgaris?
Poor
What are the clinical signs for discoid lupus erythematous?
Early - Depigmentation, erythema and scaling of the nose. Cobblestone appearance to nasal planum
Late - Erosions, ulceration and crusting of nasal planum/muzzle
What are clinical signs of systemic lupus erythematous?
Cutaneous signs associated with SLE include ulcerative stomatitis, seborrhea mucocutaneous ulceration, foot pad ulceration, panniculitis, urticaria and purpura.
Noncutaneous signs of SLE include polyarthritis, fever, glomerulonephritis, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, polymyositis, neurologic signs, pleuritis, myocarditis and lymphade-nopath
What breed is predisposed to acanthosis nigricans?
Dachshunds
What are the clinical signs of acanthosis nigricans?
Axillary and/or inguinal hyperpigmentation, lichenification, and alopecia
What is the pathophysiology behind erythema multiforme?
Cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction is directed against certain antigens (drugs, infectious organisms) leading to skin lesions
What drugs have been associated with erythema multiforme?
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Sulfonamides
What is the most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs and cats?
Pemphigus foleaceus
What is the main lesion in pemphigus foleaceus?
Subcorneal pustule - No mucosal involvement
What is the main lesion in pemphigus vulgaris?
Suprabasilar veiscles - CAN have muscosal involvement
What is necrolytic migratory erythema associated with?
Glucagonoma
What is necrolytic migratory erythema?
Characteristic skin rash most often associated with the glucagonoma, an alpha-cell tumor of the pancreatic islets
Triad findings - Diabetes mellitus, NME and weight loss
