Depression Flashcards
What is cognitive depression
How people think when they are depressed
What is emotional characteristics when depressed
How people feel when they suffer from depression
What is behavioural characteristics when someone is depressed
How people behave when they are depressed
What is affected for behavioural characteristics
- activity levels
- sleep and eating
- aggression and self-harm
What is affected for emotional characteristics of depression
- lowered mood
- anger
- lowered self-esteem
What is affected for cognitive characteristics of depression
- poor concentration
- dwelling on the negative
- absolutist thinking
What is Beck’s cognitive theory about
It suggests an individual cognitions (the way they think) that makes some people more vulnerable to depression than other. Negative triad
What is Ellis’ ABC model about
He suggests that poor mental health is caused by irrational thoughts, which stem from negative events, ABC model
What is Beck’s faulty information processing about
It is where beck suggested that people who are depressed pay selective attention to their environment. Depressed people attend to negative aspects of the world
What are negative self-schemas
Beck suggested that individuals can develop negative self-schemas from negative experiences and then all new information about ourselves in interpreted negatively
What is a example of negative self-schemas
- Didn’t get invited to a birthday party
- No one likes me
- There nothing to look forward to
- Life sucks
- What’s the point
What is the negative triad
A triangle that contains negative and irrational views of ourself, the world and the future
What are negative views about the world
- the world is cold, hard place
- gives the impression there is no hope anywhere
What are negative views about the future
- the economy won’t get better
- things won’t improve
- reduces hopefulness increases depression
What are negative views about oneself
- I’m a failure
- I hate myself
- these feelings continue to decrease self-esteem
What is weakness of beck’s cognitive theory
- doesn’t explain all aspects of depression
What is a strength of beck’s cognitive theory
- it has strong supporting evidence
- it has practical application in CBT
What does A stand for in the ABC model
Activating event
- an external event triggers irrational thoughts
- e.g. getting fired from you job
What does B stand in ABC model
Beliefs
- irrational thoughts lead to irrational beliefs
- I lost my job because my manager never liked me
What does C stand for in ABC model
Consequences
- irrational beliefs lead to unhealthy, maladaptive, negative emotional responses, resulting in depression
- E.g. feels down, gives up and doesn’t look for a new job.
What is a strength of ellis’ explanation of depression
- practical application in CBT
What is a weakness of ellis’ explanation
- some cases of depression follow activation events other arise without an obvious cause
- doesn’t explain all aspects of depression
What are the 2 main cognitive treatments of depression
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)
What is CBT
- standard psychological treatment for depression
- talking therapy which aims to identify and challenge negative, automatic, irrational thoughts
- Helps patients test the reality of their negative beliefs
- Directive, collaborative, scientific structured, specific, problem solving therapy aimed at reducing psychological distress
