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psychology > Depression > Flashcards

Depression Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cognitive depression

A

How people think when they are depressed

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2
Q

What is emotional characteristics when depressed

A

How people feel when they suffer from depression

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3
Q

What is behavioural characteristics when someone is depressed

A

How people behave when they are depressed

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4
Q

What is affected for behavioural characteristics

A
  • activity levels
  • sleep and eating
  • aggression and self-harm
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5
Q

What is affected for emotional characteristics of depression

A
  • lowered mood
  • anger
  • lowered self-esteem
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6
Q

What is affected for cognitive characteristics of depression

A
  • poor concentration
  • dwelling on the negative
  • absolutist thinking
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7
Q

What is Beck’s cognitive theory about

A

It suggests an individual cognitions (the way they think) that makes some people more vulnerable to depression than other. Negative triad

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8
Q

What is Ellis’ ABC model about

A

He suggests that poor mental health is caused by irrational thoughts, which stem from negative events, ABC model

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9
Q

What is Beck’s faulty information processing about

A

It is where beck suggested that people who are depressed pay selective attention to their environment. Depressed people attend to negative aspects of the world

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10
Q

What are negative self-schemas

A

Beck suggested that individuals can develop negative self-schemas from negative experiences and then all new information about ourselves in interpreted negatively

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11
Q

What is a example of negative self-schemas

A
  1. Didn’t get invited to a birthday party
  2. No one likes me
  3. There nothing to look forward to
  4. Life sucks
  5. What’s the point
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12
Q

What is the negative triad

A

A triangle that contains negative and irrational views of ourself, the world and the future

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13
Q

What are negative views about the world

A
  • the world is cold, hard place
  • gives the impression there is no hope anywhere
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14
Q

What are negative views about the future

A
  • the economy won’t get better
  • things won’t improve
  • reduces hopefulness increases depression
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15
Q

What are negative views about oneself

A
  • I’m a failure
  • I hate myself
  • these feelings continue to decrease self-esteem
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16
Q

What is weakness of beck’s cognitive theory

A
  • doesn’t explain all aspects of depression
17
Q

What is a strength of beck’s cognitive theory

A
  • it has strong supporting evidence
  • it has practical application in CBT
18
Q

What does A stand for in the ABC model

A

Activating event
- an external event triggers irrational thoughts
- e.g. getting fired from you job

19
Q

What does B stand in ABC model

A

Beliefs
- irrational thoughts lead to irrational beliefs
- I lost my job because my manager never liked me

20
Q

What does C stand for in ABC model

A

Consequences
- irrational beliefs lead to unhealthy, maladaptive, negative emotional responses, resulting in depression
- E.g. feels down, gives up and doesn’t look for a new job.

21
Q

What is a strength of ellis’ explanation of depression

A
  • practical application in CBT
22
Q

What is a weakness of ellis’ explanation

A
  • some cases of depression follow activation events other arise without an obvious cause
  • doesn’t explain all aspects of depression
23
Q

What are the 2 main cognitive treatments of depression

A

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)

24
Q

What is CBT

A
  • standard psychological treatment for depression
  • talking therapy which aims to identify and challenge negative, automatic, irrational thoughts
  • Helps patients test the reality of their negative beliefs
  • Directive, collaborative, scientific structured, specific, problem solving therapy aimed at reducing psychological distress
25
Q

What is CBT made up of

A

Behavioural and cognitive tehcniques

26
Q

What is the cognitive technique in CBT about

A
  • identifies, challenges and changes dysfunctional negative thinking
  • improving understanding of the self, others and the world
  • actively address the negative beliefs which have built over time
27
Q

What is the behavioural technique in CBT about

A
  • Identifies, Challenges and changes maladaptive behaviour which is causing or maintaining depression.
  • makes you become more active
  • rediscovering confidence in abilities
28
Q

What is behavioural activation

A

• research has shown that there is a close relationship between activity and mood. When we do things that make us happy we will be happy and increase our mood and the revers can be true
• People who are depressed are often less active, and have less opportunities to fell mastery, pleasure
• A way to break this cycle is behavioural activation
• It starts by understanding by that the cycle needs to be broken
• This begins with increasing activity levels and engaging in past times
• Then continues with monitory and logging daily activities

29
Q

What is rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)

A

• like CBT, the central technique in REBT is to indenting and challenge irrational thoughts, beliefs and behaviours
• The difference lies in the approach
• CBT is process driven and structured but gentle clam and measured
• REBT on the other is more confrontational
• This hallmark might manifest as a vigorous argument
• The intended effect of this device is to break the negative cycle

30
Q

What does the D and E stand for in REBT

A

Dispute - therapist active and forceful challenge of beliefs and emotion

Effect - old irrational belief is now new rational one

31
Q

What is a strength of CBT + REBT

A
  • it is effective therapy as there is a lot of evidence supporting the effectiveness of CBT
32
Q

What is a weakness of CBT + REBT

A
  • may not work for severe cases
  • may not be the therapy content but the therapist patient relationships
  • some patients want to explore their past
  • overemphasis on cognition

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