Depression Flashcards
What is cognitive depression
How people think when they are depressed
What is emotional characteristics when depressed
How people feel when they suffer from depression
What is behavioural characteristics when someone is depressed
How people behave when they are depressed
What is affected for behavioural characteristics
- activity levels
- sleep and eating
- aggression and self-harm
What is affected for emotional characteristics of depression
- lowered mood
- anger
- lowered self-esteem
What is affected for cognitive characteristics of depression
- poor concentration
- dwelling on the negative
- absolutist thinking
What is Beck’s cognitive theory about
It suggests an individual cognitions (the way they think) that makes some people more vulnerable to depression than other. Negative triad
What is Ellis’ ABC model about
He suggests that poor mental health is caused by irrational thoughts, which stem from negative events, ABC model
What is Beck’s faulty information processing about
It is where beck suggested that people who are depressed pay selective attention to their environment. Depressed people attend to negative aspects of the world
What are negative self-schemas
Beck suggested that individuals can develop negative self-schemas from negative experiences and then all new information about ourselves in interpreted negatively
What is a example of negative self-schemas
- Didn’t get invited to a birthday party
- No one likes me
- There nothing to look forward to
- Life sucks
- What’s the point
What is the negative triad
A triangle that contains negative and irrational views of ourself, the world and the future
What are negative views about the world
- the world is cold, hard place
- gives the impression there is no hope anywhere
What are negative views about the future
- the economy won’t get better
- things won’t improve
- reduces hopefulness increases depression
What are negative views about oneself
- I’m a failure
- I hate myself
- these feelings continue to decrease self-esteem
What is weakness of beck’s cognitive theory
- doesn’t explain all aspects of depression
What is a strength of beck’s cognitive theory
- it has strong supporting evidence
- it has practical application in CBT
What does A stand for in the ABC model
Activating event
- an external event triggers irrational thoughts
- e.g. getting fired from you job
What does B stand in ABC model
Beliefs
- irrational thoughts lead to irrational beliefs
- I lost my job because my manager never liked me
What does C stand for in ABC model
Consequences
- irrational beliefs lead to unhealthy, maladaptive, negative emotional responses, resulting in depression
- E.g. feels down, gives up and doesn’t look for a new job.
What is a strength of ellis’ explanation of depression
- practical application in CBT
What is a weakness of ellis’ explanation
- some cases of depression follow activation events other arise without an obvious cause
- doesn’t explain all aspects of depression
What are the 2 main cognitive treatments of depression
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)
What is CBT
- standard psychological treatment for depression
- talking therapy which aims to identify and challenge negative, automatic, irrational thoughts
- Helps patients test the reality of their negative beliefs
- Directive, collaborative, scientific structured, specific, problem solving therapy aimed at reducing psychological distress
What is CBT made up of
Behavioural and cognitive tehcniques
What is the cognitive technique in CBT about
- identifies, challenges and changes dysfunctional negative thinking
- improving understanding of the self, others and the world
- actively address the negative beliefs which have built over time
What is the behavioural technique in CBT about
- Identifies, Challenges and changes maladaptive behaviour which is causing or maintaining depression.
- makes you become more active
- rediscovering confidence in abilities
What is behavioural activation
• research has shown that there is a close relationship between activity and mood. When we do things that make us happy we will be happy and increase our mood and the revers can be true
• People who are depressed are often less active, and have less opportunities to fell mastery, pleasure
• A way to break this cycle is behavioural activation
• It starts by understanding by that the cycle needs to be broken
• This begins with increasing activity levels and engaging in past times
• Then continues with monitory and logging daily activities
What is rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)
• like CBT, the central technique in REBT is to indenting and challenge irrational thoughts, beliefs and behaviours
• The difference lies in the approach
• CBT is process driven and structured but gentle clam and measured
• REBT on the other is more confrontational
• This hallmark might manifest as a vigorous argument
• The intended effect of this device is to break the negative cycle
What does the D and E stand for in REBT
Dispute - therapist active and forceful challenge of beliefs and emotion
Effect - old irrational belief is now new rational one
What is a strength of CBT + REBT
- it is effective therapy as there is a lot of evidence supporting the effectiveness of CBT
What is a weakness of CBT + REBT
- may not work for severe cases
- may not be the therapy content but the therapist patient relationships
- some patients want to explore their past
- overemphasis on cognition
