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psychology > biopsychology > Flashcards

biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the nervous system divided into

A

the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

what does the PNS contain

A

the autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

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3
Q

what is the CNS

A

where all the important information is done and where decisions are made

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4
Q

what is the PNS

A

brings information from the senses to the CNS and transmits information from the CNS to muscle and glands

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5
Q

what does the spinal cord do

A

responsible for reflex actions

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6
Q

what is the job of the brain

A

its the centre of all conscious awareness and it receives information from sensory receptors and sends messages to muscle glands

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7
Q

how are messages between the PNS and CNS sent

A

via motor neurons

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8
Q

what does the sympathetic nervous system do

A

gets us ready for emergencies and is involved in fight or flight response

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9
Q

what does the parasympathetic response do

A

restores natural order relaxing us after an emergency and is sometimes called ‘rest and digest’

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10
Q

What is the endocrine system

A

Main chemical messenger system of the body, where hormones are secreted into the bloodstream from glands then are transported to target cells in the blood with complementary receptors

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11
Q

What is the pituitary gland

A

It is considered to be the ‘master’ gland because it controls the release of hormones from all other glands in the body

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12
Q

Describe the synaptic transmission

A

This refers to the process by which a nerve impulse passes across the synaptic cleft from one neuron to another ( from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron )

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13
Q

What are hormones

A

The body’s chemical messengers. They travel through the bloodstream, influencing many different processes including mood

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14
Q

Describe the fight or flight response

A

A sequence of activity within the body that is triggered when the body prepares itself for defending or attacking. This involves changes in the nervous system and the secretion of hormones

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15
Q

What are axons

A

Axons carry the electrical impulse down the length of a neuron, these are covered in a fatty layer called a myelin sheath

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16
Q

What do dendrites do

A

Relieve messages from other cells

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17
Q

What does the myelin sheath do

A

Covers the axon of some neurons and helps the speed

18
Q

What are terminal branches of axons

A

They form a junction with other cells

19
Q

What does the cell body do

A

It is the cells life support centre

20
Q

What do sensory neurons do

A

Carry nerve impulses form sensory receptors to the CNS

21
Q

How do sensory neurons look

A

They have long dendrites and short axons

22
Q

What do relay neurons do

A

Most neurons are relay neurons. Relay neurons allow the other 2 types to communicate. Carries info across the spinal cord and brain from sensory nerves to motor neurons

23
Q

How do relay neurons look like

A

They have short dendrites and axons

24
Q

What do motor neurons look

A

Motor neurons are responsible for either directly or indirectly controlling muscles. Carry impulses from CNS to effector

25
Q

How do motor neurons look like

A

Short dendrites and long axons

26
Q

What are vesicles

A

They are sacs that contain neurotransmitters which are chemical signals

27
Q

What is the synaptic cleft

A

The gap between the 2 neurons where the information is passed

28
Q

What are receptors

A

Where neurotransmitters bind. Specific receptors can only bind to specific neurotransmitters

29
Q

What do neurotransmitters do

A

They allow the electrical signal to continue as a chemical signal between neurons

30
Q

What do excitory neurotransmitters

A

They make a neuron more likely to fire

31
Q

What do inhibitory neurotransmitters do

A

They are responsible for calming the mind

32
Q

What is the hypothalamus and where is it

A

It is in the Brian and is in charge of the stress response

33
Q

What does the hypothalamus do (SAM)

A

It connects information from the nervous system with the endocrine system by way of the pituitary gland. When a stress response is triggered it sends signals to the pituitary gland and the sympathetic ganglia

34
Q

What does the amygdala do (SAM)

A

It sends a distress signal to the hypothalamus

35
Q

What are the sympathetic ganglia

A

They are connected to the internal organs, when activated they affect the functioning of the lungs, heart and digestive system, they are also connected to the adrenal medulla.

36
Q

What does the adrenal medulla do

A

It releases adrenaline. This hormone stimulates the sympathetic ganglia, keeping their activity at a high level

37
Q

What does adrenaline do

A

It increases heart rate, increases blood flow and raising blood pressure which increases blood to the brain which allows for quick decisions. It also prepares the body for fight or flight. Once over adrenaline levels return to normal and parasympathetic system return ps the body to homeostasis

38
Q

What happens when the pituitary gland is activated (PAS)

A

It releases ACTH which activates the adrenal cortex

39
Q

What does the hypothalamus release (PAS)

A

It releases CRF which activates the pituitary gland

40
Q

What does the adrenal cortex release (PAS)

A

It releases corticosteroids (cortisol)

psychology (11 decks)

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