Depression Flashcards
sad, flat, bleak, “empty” mood can be symptoms of ________
depression
people suffering from depression can feel feelings of __________ and pessimism
hopelessness
__________, anhedonia: loss of interest or pleasure in activities/ pastimes that are usually enjoyed
apathy
______ ________; avoiding contact with friends and loved ones
self isolation
_____ _________: feelings of worthlessness, self recrimination, guilt
self loathing
______ ______, often uncontrollable crying in both children and adults
crying spells
T/F changes in appetite (Often decreased) are a symptom of depression
true
physical symptoms of depression can include ________, digestive upset, muscle tension and _____ ______ pain
headaches
low back pain
altered _______ cycle can stem from depression
menstrual
________ ideation is a symptom of depression
suicidal
T/F symptoms of anxiety and depression are often blurred and can go hand in hand
true
people with depression illness become _______ in a state of hopelessness, despondency and despair
stuck
__________ depression is usually defined as lasting more than two weeks - immediately defined if the person is suicidal, homicidal or completely unable to function
problem
feelings such as _________ paralysis, doom, worthlessness and __________ guilt can be symptoms of problem depression
emotional paralysis
inappropriate guilt
T/F any depressive episode or state is more likely defined as depressive illness if the person comes from a family with history of depression who have had similar episodes or states before
true
recurrence or chronicity of problem depression is usually called a _________ __________
depressive disorder
______ associated with depressive illness can mean that many people do not seek help
stigma
____-____% of the population will experience a depressive illness episode in their lifetime
20-25%
about ___% of the population is experiencing a depressive illness episode at any given time
10%
T/F depression is the leading cause of disability claims
true
_______ _______ are mental illnesses believed to be caused by a complex individualized mix of genetic, organic and environmental factors
depressive disorders
________ _________ (genetic predisposition) has a high correlation with depression in one or both parents
family tendency
__________ imbalances, are a demonstrable key factor resulting in depression
neurotransmitter
_______ _______ may be a cause of depression in people who have increased estrogen
hormonal influences
over use of _______ or ______ can be a cause of depression d/t CNS depressant effects
alcohol or drugs
__________ factors such as relationships, financial distress, illness etc may contribute to depression
situational
T/F some personality types are more depressive than others
true
________ issues including experiences of abandonment, abuse etc can cause depression
childhood
___________ depression, correlates with poorer baby interaction and bonding compromises nurturance, influencing baby’s chemistry
Postpartum
__________ effects can lead to depression, especially prednisone, blood pressure medications or sleeping pills
medication
depression may be a __________ effect to a disease or illness
secondary
________ pain conditions cause neurotransmitter and endorphin depletion
chronic
________ and _______ disorders have a higher correlation with depression
mood and learning
T/F depression may stem from diet and nutritional factors
true
__________ is a neurotransmitter that is/ can be depleted in cases of depression
serotonin
T/F levels of vitamin D can have an effect on cases of depression
true
the following individuals may exhibit low levels of _________ ____
elderly people
shift workers
housebound individuals
people with seasonal affective disorder
vitamin D
low ______ ____ fatty acid intake can also contribute depression
omega 3
T/F overuse of caffeine and overconsumption of cheese and dairy can contribute to depression
true
depression takes place in the ________ system
limbic
neurotransmitter imbalances are a central aspect of __________ neurochemistry
depression
which of the following are NOT neurotransmitters involved in depression?
a) serotonin
b) GABA
c) norepinephrine
d) dopamine
e) all of the above are neurotransmitters involved in depression
e) all of the above are neurotransmitters involved in depression
the initial depletion of important neurotransmitters may be caused by __________ circumstance or other factors in the person’s life
stressful
T/F there is no genetic aspect in cases of depression
false
most neurotransmitter replenishment occurs during ______ ______
deep sleep
T/F sleep dysfunction in depression can lead to further complications
true
when the range of neurotransmitters become unbalanced, this may give rise to a range of symptoms found in ___________ illness
depression
_______ _________; when neurons become smaller they become less functional - these abnormalities occur primarily in vegetative, emotional and pain related pathways
neuron dystrophy
T/F neuron dystrophy changes cannot be reversed
false - they can be reversed with a treatment of minimum 6 months
__________ state - describes the autonomic systems that do not stop when one is in such a state
vegetative
T/F neuron dystrophic changes are believed to make the brain more susceptible to becoming depressed in response to a new stressor
true
T/F abdominal mx has nothing to do with depression
false - it can be helpful in cases of depression
in a situation in which someone cannot restore these neurochemicals it not only effects their mood but also _________ ___________
central modulation
weakened _________ ___________ is a key contributor to the pain and other physical discomfort symptoms that are a part of the clinical depression picture
central modulation
__________ depression; persons signs and symptoms are consistently in the depressed mood range
unipolar
________ or manic depression: a persons S/S cycle between depressive ones and elation/abnormally elevated moods
bipolar
__________ depression; related to depressive symptoms/ episodes seen as having a primarily external cause; aka reactive depression
exogenous
___________ depression relates to depression that is believed to be primarily caused by physiological factors in the person’s body, sometimes referred to as “organic”
endogenous
__________/_________ depression is the depressive state that is primarily characterized by anhedonia
melancholy/melancholic
__________depression; a severe depressive state including hallucinations and or delusions
psychotic
___________/__________ depression; depressive states that have intermixed anxiety elements such as worried agitation, hypervigilance, panic
anxious/agitated
____________ depression, a new term that describes the correlation between brain vascular changes, especially in the elderly and depressive symptoms
vascular
_________ depression (MDD) is broadly defined as a combination of symptoms that interfere with the ability to work, sleep, study eat and enjoy once pleasurable activities
major
T/F major depressive disorder is the classic melancholic depressive illness
true
MDD is ________ and __________
unipolar and episodic
