Dementia & Alzheimer's

Question 1

_________ the activities of thinking, understanding, learning and remembering

Answer 1

cognition

Question 2

awareness and attentiveness to ones environment is a part of _________

Answer 2

cognition

Question 3

mental abilities related to _________ and ________ are a part of cognition

Answer 3

creativity and expression

Question 4

T/F factors related to “intelligence” are a part of cognition

Answer 4

true

Question 5

__________; the acquisition of knowledge or skills

Answer 5

learning

Question 6

while older brains may be less ______ at certain types of learning, they can be stronger than others

Answer 6

adept

Question 7

T/F normal aging imposes some adaptive changes on the ability to learn

Answer 7

true

Question 8

acquiring new or modifying and reinforcing existing values and preferences falls under ___________

Answer 8

learning

Question 9

____________; characteristics revealed in an enduring pattern of behavior in various situations

Answer 9

personality

Question 10

T/F personality is 70% genetics

Answer 10

false, 50%

Question 11

social cognition is aka ___________ ____________

Answer 11

emotional intelligence

Question 12

“handling situations” with insight, compassion, finesse and integrity is an example of ___________ ___________

Answer 12

emotional intelligence

Question 13

the general term for decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life

Answer 13

dementia

Question 14

T/F instead of “loss of memory” dementia is more of a memory impairment

Answer 14

true

Question 15

which of the following is a key characteristic of dementia that is lost or diminished?

a) ability to focus/ pay attention
b) memory function
c) recognition of self and others
d) all of the above

Answer 15

d) all of the above

Question 16

T/F people with dementia often struggle with emotional regulation and interpersonal boundaries

Answer 16

true

Question 17

T/F dementia is a disease in and of itself

Answer 17

false

Question 18

____% of Canadians live with dementia

Answer 18

14.9%

Question 19

approximately 50% of the population who lives with dementia is over __ years of age

a) 40
b) 60
c) 85
d) 72

Answer 19

c) 85

Question 20

T/F dementia is a normal part of aging and will happen to everyone eventually

Answer 20

false

Question 21

___________ _________ causes 60-80% of dementia cases

Answer 21

Alzheimers Disease

Question 22

60-80% of dementia cases stem from ____________ ___________

Answer 22

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

Question 23

T/F AD is always genetic

Answer 23

false

Question 24

_______ ______ cases of Alzheimer’s are considered to have more genetic involvement

Answer 24

earlier onset

Question 25

________ ________ virtually inevitably leads to AD by around age 40

Answer 25

down syndrome

Question 26

which of the following is considered to be a risk factor for dementia? a) age b) sex c) hypertension d) previous head injury e) all of the above

Answer 26

e) all of the above

Question 27

___________ dementia is the second most common cause, resulting from damage/disease that directly affects the large and or small blood vessels that supply the brain

Answer 27

vascular

Question 28

major risk factors for vascular dementia includes; __________, hypertension, poor diet and ___________ lifestyle

Answer 28

smoking, sedentary

Question 29

T/F with vascular dementia, there may be more pronounced psychomotor slowness and depression tendencies

Answer 29

true

Question 30

T/F personality is completely lost when one has vascular dementia

Answer 30

false

Question 31

_____ ______ dementia is closely related to Parkinson's disease

Answer 31

lewy body

Question 32

T/F 20% of people with Parkinson's develop dementia

Answer 32

true

Question 33

__________ ___________ syndrome (WKS) is dementia that occurs in longterm alcoholics

Answer 33

wernicke korsakoff syndrome

Question 34

T/F WKS can also occur with advanced cancer, AIDS or long standing dialysis

Answer 34

true

Question 35

___ is categorized by diplopia, nystagmus, ataxia and memory impairment

Answer 35

WKS

Question 36

T/F with WKS everyday thinking and social skills are diminished to zero

Answer 36

false

Question 37

_____________ dementia (FTD) includes a cluster of rarer types such as primary progressive aphasia and progressive supranuclear palsy

Answer 37

frontotemporal dementia

Question 38

with this kind of dementia, atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes are primarily affected

Answer 38

frontotemporal dementia

Question 39

T/F changes in personality and behaviour are uncommon in patients with FTD

Answer 39

false, they are very common and can be quite extreme

Question 40

onset of FTD is between ___-___ years of age

Answer 40

35-75

Question 41

___________ disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder - meaning if one parent has it, 50% of offspring has it

Answer 41

huntington's disease

Question 42

Huntington's disease causes ________ _____ in parts of the basal ganglia and severely diminishes of GABA and acetylcholine

Answer 42

neuronal death

Question 43

T/F people with huntington's disease are more prone to institutionalized due to anger control issues

Answer 43

true

Question 44

a central feature of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is death of ________ and ______ of large brain sections

Answer 44

neurons, atrophy

Question 45

___-___% of loss of brain mass is possible

Answer 45

40-50%

Question 46

the progression of AD is _________ to ___________

Answer 46

anterior to posterior

Question 47

lesions develop earliest in the _______ _______ cortical areas

Answer 47

front brain

Question 48

there are 2 types of lesions called neuritic __________ and neurofibrillary __________

Answer 48

plaques, tangles

Question 49

Extracellular deposits of an insoluble gloopy material called _____ _________ protein - this is characteristic of neuritic plaques

Answer 49

beta-amyloid

Question 50

as the neurons begin to deteriorate, beta-amyloid proteins are severed in large numbers and end up __________ together with cellular fragments and telodentritic ends

Answer 50

clumping

Question 51

T/F the presence of neuritic plaques impedes synaptic activity and promotes inflammation

Answer 51

true

Question 52

__________ __________, result from the death of the neurons in microtubules. These neurons eventually decompose however these tiny rock-like structures remain

Answer 52

neurofibrillary tangles

Question 53

losing one's ability to pay bills, neglecting to bathe, and asking the same question repeatedly - these are all _____ __________ of AD

Answer 53

early indicators

Question 54

the beginning of personality shifts starts in the _____ stage of AD

Answer 54

early

Question 55

the early stage of Alzheimer's lasts roughly ___-___ years

Answer 55

2-4

Question 56

anxiety, frustration, and confusion in complex/ overwhelming situations is present in the _____ stages of AD

Answer 56

early

Question 57

T/F a person's physical health is extremely altered in the early stages of AD

Answer 57

false

Question 58

in the earlier stages of AD a person may resort to using ________ and stereotypes as a form of communication

Answer 58

cliches

Question 59

T/F neurofibrillary tangles cannot be reabsorbed

Answer 59

true

Question 60

in AD the ___ proteins become unusually bonded with phosphates and turn into clumps

Answer 60

tau

Question 61

Neurofibrillary tangles are a _________ marker of AD, experts are unsure of whether it is a cause or effect of neuronal destruction

Answer 61

histological

Question 62

more pronounced difficulty with insight and abstract through occurs during the _________ stage of AD

Answer 62

moderate

Question 63

___________ syndrome; anxiety, restlessness, and agitation that increases in the late afternoon through the evening

Answer 63

sundown

Question 64

_________; loss of understanding of the purpose or usage of tools, or body parts

Answer 64

apraxia

Question 65

apraxia and sundown syndrome occur during the _________ stage of AD

Answer 65

moderate

Question 66

strange food preferences and intense appetite occurs during the __________ stage of AD

Answer 66

Moderate

Question 67

profound inability to communicate verbally may occur during ________ stage AD

Answer 67

severe

Question 68

sudden large mood swings, delirium and hallucinations may occur during ________ stage AD

Answer 68

severe

Question 69

the top three reasons of death in AD patients includes ___________, ____________/_________ or _______ failure

Answer 69

pneumonia, starvation/dehydration or organ failure

Question 70

anorexia and the loss of swallowing reflex are typical in a ______ stage of AD

Answer 70

severe

Question 71

reduction of anxiety, skin health support and slower heart rate are all effects of __________ in patients with dementia/AD

Answer 71

massage