Dementia & Alzheimer's Flashcards
_________ the activities of thinking, understanding, learning and remembering
cognition
awareness and attentiveness to ones environment is a part of _________
cognition
mental abilities related to _________ and ________ are a part of cognition
creativity and expression
T/F factors related to “intelligence” are a part of cognition
true
__________; the acquisition of knowledge or skills
learning
while older brains may be less ______ at certain types of learning, they can be stronger than others
adept
T/F normal aging imposes some adaptive changes on the ability to learn
true
acquiring new or modifying and reinforcing existing values and preferences falls under ___________
learning
____________; characteristics revealed in an enduring pattern of behavior in various situations
personality
T/F personality is 70% genetics
false, 50%
social cognition is aka ___________ ____________
emotional intelligence
“handling situations” with insight, compassion, finesse and integrity is an example of ___________ ___________
emotional intelligence
the general term for decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life
dementia
T/F instead of “loss of memory” dementia is more of a memory impairment
true
which of the following is a key characteristic of dementia that is lost or diminished?
a) ability to focus/ pay attention
b) memory function
c) recognition of self and others
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
T/F people with dementia often struggle with emotional regulation and interpersonal boundaries
true
T/F dementia is a disease in and of itself
false
____% of Canadians live with dementia
14.9%
approximately 50% of the population who lives with dementia is over __ years of age
a) 40
b) 60
c) 85
d) 72
c) 85
T/F dementia is a normal part of aging and will happen to everyone eventually
false
___________ _________ causes 60-80% of dementia cases
Alzheimers Disease
60-80% of dementia cases stem from ____________ ___________
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
T/F AD is always genetic
false
_______ ______ cases of Alzheimer’s are considered to have more genetic involvement
earlier onset
________ ________ virtually inevitably leads to AD by around age 40
down syndrome
which of the following is considered to be a risk factor for dementia?
a) age
b) sex
c) hypertension
d) previous head injury
e) all of the above
e) all of the above
___________ dementia is the second most common cause, resulting from damage/disease that directly affects the large and or small blood vessels that supply the brain
vascular
major risk factors for vascular dementia includes; __________, hypertension, poor diet and ___________ lifestyle
smoking, sedentary
T/F with vascular dementia, there may be more pronounced psychomotor slowness and depression tendencies
true
T/F personality is completely lost when one has vascular dementia
false
_____ ______ dementia is closely related to Parkinson’s disease
lewy body
T/F 20% of people with Parkinson’s develop dementia
true
__________ ___________ syndrome (WKS) is dementia that occurs in longterm alcoholics
wernicke korsakoff syndrome
T/F WKS can also occur with advanced cancer, AIDS or long standing dialysis
true
___ is categorized by diplopia, nystagmus, ataxia and memory impairment
WKS
T/F with WKS everyday thinking and social skills are diminished to zero
false
_____________ dementia (FTD) includes a cluster of rarer types such as primary progressive aphasia and progressive supranuclear palsy
frontotemporal dementia
with this kind of dementia, atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes are primarily affected
frontotemporal dementia
T/F changes in personality and behaviour are uncommon in patients with FTD
false, they are very common and can be quite extreme
onset of FTD is between ___-___ years of age
35-75
___________ disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder - meaning if one parent has it, 50% of offspring has it
huntington’s disease
Huntington’s disease causes ________ _____ in parts of the basal ganglia and severely diminishes of GABA and acetylcholine
neuronal death
T/F people with huntington’s disease are more prone to institutionalized due to anger control issues
true
a central feature of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is death of ________ and ______ of large brain sections
neurons, atrophy
___-___% of loss of brain mass is possible
40-50%
the progression of AD is _________ to ___________
anterior to posterior
lesions develop earliest in the _______ _______ cortical areas
front brain
there are 2 types of lesions called neuritic __________ and neurofibrillary __________
plaques, tangles
Extracellular deposits of an insoluble gloopy material called _____ _________ protein - this is characteristic of neuritic plaques
beta-amyloid
as the neurons begin to deteriorate, beta-amyloid proteins are severed in large numbers and end up __________ together with cellular fragments and telodentritic ends
clumping
T/F the presence of neuritic plaques impedes synaptic activity and promotes inflammation
true
__________ __________, result from the death of the neurons in microtubules. These neurons eventually decompose however these tiny rock-like structures remain
neurofibrillary tangles
losing one’s ability to pay bills, neglecting to bathe, and asking the same question repeatedly - these are all _____ __________ of AD
early indicators
the beginning of personality shifts starts in the _____ stage of AD
early
the early stage of Alzheimer’s lasts roughly ___-___ years
2-4
anxiety, frustration, and confusion in complex/ overwhelming situations is present in the _____ stages of AD
early
T/F a person’s physical health is extremely altered in the early stages of AD
false
in the earlier stages of AD a person may resort to using ________ and stereotypes as a form of communication
cliches
T/F neurofibrillary tangles cannot be reabsorbed
true
in AD the ___ proteins become unusually bonded with phosphates and turn into clumps
tau
Neurofibrillary tangles are a _________ marker of AD, experts are unsure of whether it is a cause or effect of neuronal destruction
histological
more pronounced difficulty with insight and abstract through occurs during the _________ stage of AD
moderate
___________ syndrome; anxiety, restlessness, and agitation that increases in the late afternoon through the evening
sundown
_________; loss of understanding of the purpose or usage of tools, or body parts
apraxia
apraxia and sundown syndrome occur during the _________ stage of AD
moderate
strange food preferences and intense appetite occurs during the __________ stage of AD
Moderate
profound inability to communicate verbally may occur during ________ stage AD
severe
sudden large mood swings, delirium and hallucinations may occur during ________ stage AD
severe
the top three reasons of death in AD patients includes ___________, ____________/_________ or _______ failure
pneumonia, starvation/dehydration or organ failure
anorexia and the loss of swallowing reflex are typical in a ______ stage of AD
severe
reduction of anxiety, skin health support and slower heart rate are all effects of __________ in patients with dementia/AD
massage
