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Geography - Coasts > Depositional landforms > Flashcards

Depositional landforms Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of beaches? (Depositional coasts)

A

Swash-aligned

Drift-aligned

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2
Q

What is typical of a swash-aligned beach? (Depositional coasts)

A

Sediment moves up and down the beach with little lateral transfer

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3
Q

What is typical of a drift-aligned beach? (Depositional coasts)

A

Sediment is transferred along the coast by long shore drift

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4
Q

What are general characteristics of a beach? (Depositional coasts)

A
  • Berms (wide and large shelf of beach sediment)
  • Runnels (small ripples left in sediment after low tide)
  • Cusps (semi-circular depressions formed when waves break directly on the beach)
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5
Q

What is a spit? (Depositional coasts)

A
  • Form on drift-aligned beaches
  • When sand is moved along a coastline by LSD
  • Sediment will build up and starts to protrude into the sea
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6
Q

What is an example of a spit? (Depositional coasts)

A

Spearhead, Holderness coast, Yorkshire

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7
Q

What is a tombolo? (Depositional coasts)

A

A spit that has extended out from the coast to link an island to the shore

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8
Q

What is a bar? (Depositional coasts)

A

When a spit grows across a bay, joining two headlands, a lagoon is created behind the bar

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9
Q

What is a salt marsh? (Depositional coasts)

A

Behind spits where mud gets deposited and the area slowly becomes vegetated

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10
Q

What is a sand dune? (Depositional coasts)

A

formed when sand is deposited via LSD, sand gets trapped and vegetation colonises

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11
Q

What are the three types of dunes? (Depositional coasts)

A

Mobile
Fixed
Woodland

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12
Q

What are the two types of mobile dunes? (Depositional coasts)

A

Embryo

Yellow

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13
Q

What are the two types of fixed dunes? (Depositional coasts)

A

Grey

Duneslack

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14
Q

What are the characteristics and an example of an embryo dune? (Depositional coasts)

A
  • On shore winds
  • Sand builds up
  • Alkaline sand

e.g Sandwort

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15
Q

What are the characteristics and an example of an yellow dune? (Depositional coasts)

A
  • Surface blown away and replenished
  • Reduced wind speed
  • Top of dune above tidal level

e.g Marram grass

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16
Q

What are the characteristics and an example of an grey dune? (Depositional coasts)

A
  • Increased humus
  • Lichens
  • Sand no longer accumulates

e.g Grey lichens

17
Q

What are the characteristics and an example of dune slack? (Depositional coasts)

A
  • Damp, low lying hollows
  • High water table in winter
  • Acidic soil

e.g Rushes

18
Q

What are the characteristics and an example of a woodland dune? (Depositional coasts)

A
  • Acidic soil
  • Increased organic matter
  • Nutrient rich

e.g Heather

Geography - Coasts (11 decks)

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