DENT 2060 Chapter 16 Oral Epidemiology

Question 1

Father of Epidemiology

Answer 1

John Snow

Question 2

Epidemiology

Answer 2

the study of health and disease in human populations

Question 3

Quantitative data

Answer 3

can be counted

Question 4

Communicable disease

Answer 4

can be spread through ways of contact

Question 5

Contagious disease

Answer 5

can be spread through ways of contact very easilt

Question 6

Prevalence

Answer 6

total number of cases of a disease in a population; tells how widespread disease is

Question 7

Incidence

Answer 7

number of instances of illness during a given period in a population; conveys risk of contracting disease

Question 8

Endemic

Answer 8

diseases that are always present within a population of a particular area

Question 9

Epidemic

Answer 9

(outbreak) unusually high occurrence of disease in a community or region

Question 10

Epidemics in US

Answer 10

1976 Legionnaire's
1992-1993 E. coli
1993 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and Crytosporidiosis
2002 West nile virus
2010 Swine flu

Question 11

Pandemic

Answer 11

disease that has spread over an entire country or the world; 1918 Spanish flu
modern: HIV

Question 12

Chain of infection

Answer 12

source of infection-reservoir-portal of entry-mode of transmission-portal of entry-susceptible host and back to source.

Question 13

Multiple causation

Answer 13

certain situations need to be right, more than one factor present for disease development

Question 14

Epidemiologic triangle

Answer 14

Agent/Causative Factors – Host Factors – Environmental Factors

Question 15

Count

Answer 15

number of persons in a group who have a particular disease; indices

Question 16

Proportion

Answer 16

count divided by total in group; percentage

Question 17

Morbidity

Answer 17

disease rates in a population; ratio of sick to healthy in a population

Question 18

Mortality

Answer 18

death rates in a population; ratio of sick to dead in a population

Question 19

Descriptive studies

Answer 19

First step in looking at a disease; describe it using 5 Ws: Who, What, When, Where, Why

Question 20

Analytical studies

Answer 20

Second step in looking at a disease; uses descriptive; Prospective and Retrospective studies

Question 21

Experimental studies

Answer 21

Longitudinal; cohort; case study; case - control study; pilot study

Question 22

Prospective

Answer 22

followed through time to determine if disease develops; track lifetimes; expensive and slow

Question 23

Retrospective

Answer 23

looks backwards and examines whether a past association exists

Question 24

Longitudinal

Answer 24

group studied over an extended period of time; long-term

Question 25

Cohort

Answer 25

have things in common

Question 26

Case study

Answer 26

In-depth study on single group, person, event or situation

Question 27

Case - control study

Answer 27

using a control group and comparing; cases versus controls; usually but not exclusively retrospective; uses to gain info; unethical to be experimental

Question 28

Pilot

Answer 28

small version of proposed study; smaller scale; works out errors; revisions can be made and then larger study conducted