Demography📈

Question 1

Birth rate

Answer 1

The number of live births per thousand of the population per year

Question 2

Total fertility rate

Answer 2

The average number of children women will have during their fertile years (15-45)

Question 3

Reasons for the decline in the birth rate

Answer 3

• Changes in women’s position in society
• Decline in the infant mortality rate
• Children are now an economic liability
• Child centredness

Question 4

What is the dependably ratio?

Answer 4

The relationship between the size or the working or productive part of the population, and the size of the non-working or dependent part of the population.

Question 5

Reasons for the decline in the death rate

Answer 5

• Improved Nutrition
• Medical improvements
• smoking and diet
• Public health measures
• Other social changes (e.g. higher income=healthier lifestyles, greater public knowledge of the causes of illnesses)

Question 6

What are the effects of an ageing population?

Answer 6

• Public Services
• One person households
• The dependency ratio

Question 7

Define Immigration

Answer 7

Movement INTO a society

Question 8

Define Emigration

Answer 8

Movement OUT of a society

Question 9

Define Net migration

Answer 9

The difference between the numbers of emigrants to the number of immigrants, and is expressed as a net increase or decrease due to migration

Question 10

Outline inequalities among the old

Answer 10

CLASS: The middle class have better occupational pensions and greater savings from higher salaries. Poorer old people have a shorter life expectancy and suffer more infirmity (making it difficult to maintain a youthful self-identity)

GENDER: Women’s lower earnings and career breaks as carers mean lower pensions. They are also subject to sexist, as well as ageist stereotypes.

Question 11

Effects of changes in fertility

Answer 11

• the family being small allows women to go into work = dual earner families
• the dependency ratio = creating relationship between working and non working
• fewer children = they are more lonelier

Question 12

Life expectancy

Answer 12

How long on average a person born in a given year can be expected to live

Question 13

Life expectancy facts

Answer 13

• Woman live longer
• W/c men in unskilled jobs 3x likely to die before 65yrs old
• People living in poorer parts of England die 7yrs younger

Question 14

The Ageing Population

Answer 14

The increase of old dependants in the population

Question 15

Effects of the Ageing population

Answer 15

• old people consuming large proportion of services
• many elderly people living by themselves (women mostly)
• fewer young people supporting older people due to there being more older people

Question 16

Modern society and old age

Answer 16

Due to ageism, old people are more likely to be unemployed -depending on family and society

Question 17

Marxists view on old people

Answer 17

old people are no use to the capitalist society - due to being unproductive - becoming dependant on family

Question 18

Postmodern society and old age

Answer 18

less people marry early and retire late which gives people more choice