Democrazitation Flashcards
what is democrazitation
the process of becoming more democratic
what are the stages of democratization
- democratic transition
2. democratic consolidation
what is democratic transition
authoritarian-> democratic
what is democratic consolidation
preserving/strengthening democracy features
what are the 5 theories of countries turning democratic
- modernization (economy)
- cultural changes
- systemic conditions (intl system)
- domestic institutions
- agency
what pushes a country to democracy
economic development
what is the first theory of modernization (middle class)
economic development -> democratic transition (role of middle class)
- historically, capitalism caused urbanization, industrialization, tech -> more education
what is the reasoning behind the role of the middle class?
because want - private property - civil liberties - suffrage democracy helps push for it
what is the critique to the middle class theory?
economic development in authoritarian regimes
eg. Singapore/china
What is the second theory of modernization
economic development -> consolidation that’s not authoritarian
- poor countries -> fail - rich countries -> consolidation * $15,000< per capita -> no democracy broken down
why does economic development favor democratic consolidation
poor democracies in crisis = risk of collapse
economic development -> more equal societies -> consolidation why?
high inequality
poor and rich, rich leading authoritarianly
low inequality
very poor = less threatening for elites THEREFORE democracy costs = lower for elites (because more middle class willing to fight)
what can an intl system directly do?
a) hinder democracy
eg. colonialism/cold war
b) promote democracy
eg. EU/US intervention in Germany/Japan after WWII
how can intl system indirectly favor democracy
democratizers learn from cases and follow suit AKA snowball effect (American revolution)
what is Hunington’s explanation of intl system
three waves of democratization theory
what is the three waves of democratization (Huntington
1) 1820-1920
US/Western Europe -> more suffrage
2) 1945-1960
Western Europe/Japan -> end of WWII
3) 1974-1990
Southern Europe/Latin America/Eastern Europewhat are the causes of the third wave (1974-1990)
- external forces
- snowballing
- catholic church shifts
- global economic growth (1960s)
- legitimacy problem of authoritarian regimes
what were the external forces of the third wave
- european community
- fall soviet union
- us democratizing foreign policy
what was the significance of the catholic church’s shifts
- 2nd vatican council
- weak alliance of church/dictator
