Democracy/Community/Culture

Question 1

Strike (2000)

Answer 1

Suggests several metaphors for the school: congregation, family, orchestra, guild. The goods of community can only be found if certain parameters are in place.
Vision is rooted in a common idea of what constitutes ‘human flourishing’

Question 2

Flecknoe (2004)

Answer 2

In some countries students are required to be on school boards and play active roles in deciding curriculum. In contrast, in England it is forbidden.
Students should be treated as leaders who have the ability to contribute productively and intelligently to the discussion of how to improve their own learning.

Question 3

Senge (1990)

Answer 3

Learning organisations don’t have to rely on controlling people, they focus on improving the thinking, reflecting, and learning of their people, and the shared visions they create

Question 4

Morrison (2008)

Answer 4

Giving students voices in the classroom creates better democratic citizens. Freedom creates better learners who are more deeply motivated. It’s about trust.

Question 5

Harber and Davies (2005)

Answer 5

‘effective schooling will not be achieved without democracy’ the reason is: more people have contributed to decision, more ownership, rules are agreed, so followed more, More and better communication.
They emphasize it is about how participation takes place that makes the difference and the values implicit in the process. Shift of power from staff to students.

Question 6

Woods (2005)

Answer 6

The right conclusion is not what the democratic leader demands or the majority demands, but what the situation demands, and this is only made clear through dialogue.
Leader should back off, allow others to make decisions, value dissent

Question 7

Starratt (2003)

Answer 7

Democratic leadership will expect differences of opinion, be open to critique, expect reevaluation of decisions, establish procedures for consultation, solicit the opinions of others, recognize that not everyone will be satisfied with decisions (continuous pursuit of democracy)

Question 8

Hargreaves (1999)

Answer 8

Two intersecting spectrums for school culture: social cohesion and social control. ‘Hothouse, welfarist, formal, survivalist’ are four categories.
The point of a change in culture is to discover the structures that allow innovation in the classroom and empower teachers to improve

Question 9

Schein (1985)

Answer 9

‘The only thing of real importance leaders do is create and manage culture’

Question 10

Strike et al. (2005)

Answer 10

conflict between experts and democracy: Fred Cantor and moral education case study. Conclusion: expertise should be subservient to democratically determined goals.