Delivery Flashcards
Requirement
A condition or capability that is necessary to be present in a product, service or result to satisfy a business need.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
A hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables.
Definition of Done (DoD)
A checklist of all the criteria required to be met so that a deliverable can be considered ready for customer use.
Quality
The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements.
Cost of Quality (COQ)
All costs incurred over the life of the product by investment in preventing nonconformance to requirements, appraisal of the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failure to meet requirements.
What can a business case document provide?
A business case document often provides the business justification and a projection of anticipated business value from a project.
What do business documents demonstrate?
Business documents demonstrate how the project outcomes align with the organization’s business objectives.
Where are high-level deliverables identified?
In the business need docs; may range from detailed, baselined plans or high-level roadmaps that provide an overview of the project life cycle, major releases, key deliverables, reviews and other top-level information.
Deliverable
The interim or final product, service, or results from a project; deliverables reflect the stakeholder requirements, scope, and quality, along with the long-term impacts to profit, people, and the planet.
Requirement
a condition or capability that is necessary to be present in a product, service, or result to satisfy a business need.
How to elicit success criteria?
Interview stakeholders
analyze data
observe processes
review defect logs
In agile projects, when is backlog created?
In the ‘kick off’ meeting.
Well-documented requirements meet what criteria?
Clear
Concise
Verifiable
Consistent
Complete
Traceable
Scope
The sum of the products, services, and results to be provided as a project.
Scope Statement
Identifies the major deliverables associated with the project and the acceptance criteria for each deliverable.
Epics
Logical containers for a large user story that is too big to complete within an iteration.
Feature
A set of related requirements typically described as a short phrase or function, which represent specific behaviors of a product. Each feature will have multiple user stories.
User Story
A brief description of an outcome for a specific user; clear and concise representation of a requirement written from the end user’s perspective.
Where can Acceptance or Completion Criteria be found?
In a Scope Statement
Acceptance or Completion Criteria
Criteria required to be met before the customer accepts the deliverable or before the project is considered complete.
Where can Technical Performance Measures be found?
In a separate specifications document OR as an extension to the WBS known as the WBS dictionary.
Scope Creep
When additional scope or requirements are accepted without adjusting the corresponding schedule, budget, or resource needs. (projects that operate in a more stable environment)
Done Drift
When a ‘good enough for release’ or ‘done’ goal may be subject to change. (projects that operate in uncertain and rapidly changing environments)
How is scope creep combatted?
Using change control systems. Changes present to and approved by the project governance body, product owner, or executive sponsor.
Where are quality requirements reflected or noted?
Quality requirements may be reflected in the completion criteria, definition of done, statement of work, or requirements documentation.
What are the four categories of costs associated with quality?
Prevention
Appraisal
Internal Failure
External Failure
Which quality categories are associated with the ‘cost of compliance’ to quality requirements?
Prevention and Appraisal
Which quality categories are associated with the ‘cost of noncompliance’?
Internal and External Failure
Prevention Costs
Incurred to keep defects and failures out of a product; to avoid quality problems.
Product or Service Requirements
The establishment of specifications for incoming materials, processes, finished products, and services.
Quality Planning
The creation of plans for quality, reliability, operations, production, and inspection.
Quality Assurance
The creation and maintenance of the quality system
Training
The development, preparation, and maintenance of programs.
Examples of prevention costs of quality (COQ).
Product or Service Requirements
Quality Planning
Quality Assurance
Training
What are Appraisal Costs?
Appraisal costs are associated with measuring and monitoring activities related to quality; incurred to determine the degree of conformance to quality requirements.
Examples of Appraisal Costs
Verification
Quality Audits
Supplier Rating
Appraisal Costs are also known as what?
Appraisal Costs = Quality Control
Verification of quality
Checking incoming material, process setup, and products against agreed specifications.
Quality Audits
Confirmation that the quality system is functioning correctly
Supplier Rating
Assessment and approval of suppliers of products and services.
What are Internal Failure costs associated with?
Finding and correcting defects before the customer receives the product; cost incurred when the results of work fail to reach design quality standards.
Examples of Internal Failure Costs
Waste
Scrap
Rework or Rectification
Failure Analysis
Which costs are negative quality costs?
Internal and External Failure Costs
Waste
Performance of unnecessary work or holding enough stock to account for errors, poor organization, or communication
Scrap
Defective product or material that cannot be repaired, used, or sold
Rework or Rectification
Correction of defective material or errors
Failure Analysis
Activities required to establish the causes of internal product or service failure.
What are External Failure Costs?
Costs associated with defects found after the customer has the product and with remediation.
Examples of External Failure Costs
Repairs and Servicing
Warranty Claims
Complaints
Returns
Reputation
*Includes: shipping, warranty, recall, suing, damaged reputation
What does Boehm’s Cost of Change Curve depict?
Change gets more expensive over time; cost increases the further into the project that it happens.
How can the Cost of Change impacts be countered?
Project teams design project processes to build in quality.
