Definitions Week 7 Flashcards
Multilingualism
Name + date
The use of two or more languages by an individual speaker - Swann et al. 2004
Polyglossia
The coexistence of two or more languages, or distinct varieties of the same language, within a speech community.
Bilingualism
The use of two languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers
Diglossia
The use of two languages or two varieties of a language within a community, under different conditions. One often is the high variety, and the other, the low. Holmes 2013
High variety
The language or variety of a language that is not used in everyday conversation. Used for public speaking and formal address.
Low variety
The colloquial language or variety of a language, used for everyday conversation.
Monolingualism
The use of one language by an individual
Monoglossia
The use of one language by a group of speakers
Codeswitching
The use of two languages in one conversation
Codemixing
The use of two languages in one sentence/utterance
Situational codeswitching
The situation (topic, participants) requiring the use of another code
Metaphorical codeswitching
The indexicality (status) brings about the use of another code
Crossing
Using a language the doesn’t belong to the speaker, often for comical effect
Lexical borrowing
Borrowing a word from another language, often using indigenous pronunciation
Domain analysis
Fishman 1972 - Involving typical interactions between typical participants in typical settings
eg. family, religion, education
Double overlapping diglossia
Where two developing diglossic situations interact
Double-nested diglossia
Name + date
Where two “little diglossias” are embedded within the “big diglossia” - Fasold 1984
Bilingual diglossia
Where one variety is used for speaking and the other for writing
Classic diglossia
Where the High and Low are two different varieties of one language that exist alongside eachother
Broad diglossia
Diglossia where speech communities use two unrelated languages for distinct functions
