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Language and Society > Concepts Week 8 > Flashcards

Concepts Week 8 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Examples of High and Low varieties in 2 countries

A

Egypt:

  • Classical Arabic H
  • Egyptian Arabic L

Haiti:

  • Français H
  • Créole L
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2
Q

5 Domain examples

A 
Family
Friendship
Religion
Education
Employment
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3
Q

3 Global Language examples from the past

A

Greek - Philosophy and religion in the Eastern Mediterranean

Latin - education in Western Europe in middle ages

French - diplomacy 17th-20th century

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4
Q

3 facts about English as a Global language

A
  • 400 million mother tongue speakers
  • 450 million 2nd/foreign language speakers
  • 850 million total
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5
Q

Global English uses

A
  • Main language of literature, technology and international business
  • 3/4 of the worlds mail
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6
Q

Opinions on Global English

A

Positive - Globalisation of Western democratic discourse

Neutral - Socio-politically neutral

Negative - Globalisation of Western capitalist discourse

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7
Q

Kachru’s circles

A

Middle:
- 375 million, UK, USA, Aus norm aka traditional base

Middle outer:
- 450 million, India, Jamaica developing aka 2nd language

Outer:
- 750 million, Holland, Italy, Japan dependent aka no relation to English colonies

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8
Q

Causes of language spread

A
  • Political influence
  • Military power
  • Economic power
  • Religious circulation
  • Travel/tourism
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9
Q

Brief history of spread of English

A

5th Century: Germanic tribes migrate to Britain

5th-15th: Celtic, French and Latin influences

15th-19th: Colonial expansion and exploitation

18th-20th: Imperialism/Colonialism Africa

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10
Q

English in India

A
  • One of the official languages with Hindi
  • pan-South Asian lingua franca
  • Used in higher education, court and business
  • Upward social mobility marker
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11
Q

Alternatives to World Englishes

A
  1. Russian
  2. Spanish
  3. Mandarin
  4. French
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12
Q

Brutality of language contact

A
  • Unequal languages
  • Result of colonial exploitation
  • Modern slavery in America, children taken from mothers,exploited
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13
Q

Example of Pidgin sentence

A

I give you three pig you give ten yam

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14
Q

3 examples of English based creoles

A

Gullah
Pitkern
Bislama

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15
Q

What are the 3 types of creole and the processes?

A
  1. Pidgin straight to creole
  2. Pidgin to stabilised pidgin, to creole
  3. Pidgin to stabilised pidgin, to expanded pidgin to creole
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16
Q

Examples of types 1,2 and 3 creoles

A
  1. West Indian
  2. Torres Straits
  3. New Guinea Tok Pisin
17
Q

Attitudes to creoles

A
  • Outsiders negative perception of them
  • Baby talk, broken English
  • Little institutional recognition
  • Poorly learnt languages
18
Q

Pacific pidgins and creoles pronunciation

A

Avoid complex consonants and clusters, 5 vowels

Language and Society (10 decks)

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