Definitions Week 10 Flashcards
Politeness
Actions taken by competent speakers in a community in order to attend to possible social or interpersonal disturbance - Meyerhoff 2011
Phatic communication
Verbal or non-verbal communication that has a social function, such as starting a conversation
Face
The public image of the self
Negative face
The want to be free from imposition (respect)
Positive face
The want to be valued by others (affiliation)
Face threatening act
Not attending to the face wants of participants
Register
Specific lexical forms that attend to social distance, power difference and cost of imposition
Sociolinguistic transfer
The use of speaking rules belonging to one’s cultural group when interacting with members of another group
Cross-cultural communication research
Studies how specific features of communication differ across cultures
Intercultural communication reserach
Studies what happens when two or more cultural systems are used in a particular intercultural encounter
Culture
The collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group from another - Hofstede 1980
A culture
A system of behaving and communicating into which we are socialised
Power distance
Amount of respect and deference between people in superior and subordinate positions
Individualism
A social theory favouring freedom of action for individuals
Collectivism
A social theory favouring communal and group priority
Masculine
When something is inherently male
Feminine
When something is inherently female
Essentialism
The view that every entity has a set of attributes that are necessary to its identity and function.
Constructivism
Opposes essentialism, the view that cultures can interact and people can belong to more than one
Small culture formation
A dynamic, ongoing group process which operates in changing circumstances to enable group members to make sense of and operate meaningfully within these circumstances
Referential
- Informative
- Declarative
- Tied to literal meaning
eg. It’s not raining today
Conative
- Directive
- Orientated towards addressee
- Vocative, imperative, interrogative and declarative
eg. Eat your peas!
Emotive
- Expressive
- Focussed on speaker
- Shows speakers attitude towards what they’re speaking about
Metalingual
- Focus on code
- To check speakers are on same wavelength
eg. Do you understand what I’m saying?
- To talk about language
eg. This is a short sentence
Poetic
- Focus on message
- Playful use of language
eg. The rose looked at me lovingly
Phatic
- Language for the sake of interaction
eg. Well, here we are
