Definitions of mental health Flashcards
How does the ICD-11 define mental and behavioural disorders?
Syndromes
Disturb an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, behaviour
Dysfunction in the psychological, biological and developmental processes
Distress or impairment in personal, family, educational or occupational areas
How does the DSM5 define mental and behavioural disorders?
Syndrome
Clinically significant disturbance or disability in cognition, emotional regulation, or behaviour
Significant distress or disability in social, occupational, or other important areas
What types of disorders can the ICD-11 diagnose you with?
Schizophrenia
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Mood disorders
Anxiety
OCD
What disorders can’t the ICD-11 diagnose you with?
Neurocognitive disorders
Mental or behavioural disorders associated with pregnancy or childbirth
Addiction
Personality disorders
What is the process of diagnosis using the biomedical model (psychiatry) of mental health?
Based on symptoms (what the patient says and does)
The classified disorder is based on a bunch of symptoms
Match symptoms according to the classification in the ICD-11 or DSM5
Symptoms must occur over a set period of time and be present from a set age
What is the history of definitions/language used for mental illness?
1800: mad houses, included idiots and lunatics, all classed as insane
County Asylums Act: brought in asylums between 1808-1847
Lunacy Act 1845: state (legal and medication) intervention, forced admission of people into mental asylums via court.
Lunatic Asylums Act 1853
What is the biopsychological model of mental health?
Holistic approach
Mental illness is complex and occurs through an interaction of biological, psychological and social factors
What are some of examples of biological, psychological and social impacts on mental health?
Biological: Medication effects, genetic issues, gender
Psychological: personality, memory, learning, emotions, cognitions, behaviours
Social: socioeconomic status (poverty), peer group, religion, culture, schools
What is the interaction process in the biopsychological model?
Interactions between all biological, psychological and social factors result in mental illness
e.g. genetic predisposition to depression, extreme stress at work/family life, psychological factors such as being a perfectionist. The social and psychological factors create a trigger for depression
What is the biomedical model (psychiatry) of mental health?
Mental disorders are brain diseases
Pharmacological treatment to treat biological abnormalities
How is formulation an alternative to diagnosis?
Clinician brings knowledge derived from theory, research,
and clinical experience
The patient brings expertise about their own life and the meaning and impact of their relationships and circumstances
What are the principles of formulation?
Clinician takes a reflective stance to reduce the risk of using formulation in an insensitive/disempowering way
Compounding the difficulties can re-traumatise the patient
Aware of the context of wider society
Avoid individualising the tendency of both medical and psychotherapeutic models, when the problem is located in the individual this can cause the patient to blame themselves
