Clinical Interventions Flashcards
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs? In the triangle what stages are at the top and bottom? What does each stage mean?
Self actualisation at the top
e.g. lack of prejudice, morality
Esteem e.g. confidence, self esteem
Love/belonging e.g. family, friends
Safety e.g. shelter, employment
Physiology at the bottom e.g. food, water
What is the downward arrow technique in CBT?
Top of arrow: What if I didn’t pass the exam?
I won’t graduate
I won’t be seen as successful by my loved ones
Bottom of arrow: I am worthless and unloved
What are clients? Can they self refer? Where do they go for this? When do they access an NHS GP or a specialistic NHS mental health professional?
Clients can seek our therapeutic help for a range of difficulties
Do this via an NHS GP
This will be because you’re impacted in your day to day functioning
Higher levels of mental health distress requires a specialistic in the NHS mental health service
This will eb because your high risk to others or yourself
Can be accessed privately
Can also do self referrals for Talking therapies
What are effective therapists like? What skills do they need? What do they teach clients?
Interpersonal skills
Empathy
Self awareness
Self-reflection
When a therapist can recognise difference and intensities in emotional states and have a verbal repertoire that can help these be put into words
Teach new skills to clients to help them make emotional, cognitive and behavioural changes
Building relationship skills
Who is Carl Rogers?
Founder of the humanistic approach and psychotherapy
Created Rogerian qualities: genuine, empathy and unconditioned positive regard
What are the challenges to therapeutic work?
Competency, doubted their abilities
Personality, whether their personal traits would impact their effectiveness
Situational difficulties, environments which aren’t supportive of change e.g. resistant clients in secure settings
What is a therapeutic alliance? Who does and doesn’t support it?
Seen as a pact
Shared understanding of the professional relationship and the interactions that take part in the act
Different therapeutic orientations give different weighting to this alliance
For example, CBT doesn’t find it significant
Behavioural therapists see this alliance as very significant
What is psycho-education in therapy? How does this help the client?
Provide information about the links between biological, psychological and social factors
Helping the client know the response in terms of what we know about the interaction between body and mind
What is assigning tasks in therapy? What is the client given and what do they do?
Homework
They can be actual sheets, which is used in CBT
Ask the client to spend time noticing any possible patterns which might be present e.g. in their sleeping or eating
What is the developing hope and expectations for change stage in therapy? What is an example? How does this help the client?
An example of this is Motivational interviews
Having the belief that the possibility of change is key for this to happen
What are group interventions? What is a benefit of this?
Shared process
Past members demonstrate change
In this financial climate there is a benefit to see a group rather than an individual
Who is Kurt Lewin?
Coined the term group dynamics
Founder of social psychology
What is Tuckman’s forming stage?
Major goals not established
Leadership not yet selected
Get to know one another
Share expectations
Learn purpose and rules
Some may be confused as roles aren’t clear
What is Tuckman’s storming stage?
Members often challenge group goals and struggle for power
Highest level of conflict
Members vie for leadership position
Member voice concerns
If there is a resolution, members achieve cohesiveness and have positive experiences
If conflict can’t be resolved, then the group will disband
What Tuckman’s norming stage?
Recognition of individual differences and shared expectations
Develop cohesion and group identity
Cooperative effort to yield results
Responsibilities are divided amongst group members
What is Tuckman’s performing stage?
Group has matured and attains feelings of cohesion
Individuals accept one another
Conflict is resolved in group discussions
Make decisions based on goals not emotional elements
What is Tuckman’s adjourning phase?
Not all groups meet this stage
Some may disband, for example the task may be accomplished
Often experience feelings of closure and sadness as they prepare to leave
What is Irvin Yalom’s principles of altruism, instillation of hope, corrective recapitulation of family experience, imitative behaviour, cohesion, interpersonal learning and self understanding?
Altruism: members help one another, the experience of gifting something to another person can increase self esteem
Instillation of hope: members at various stages in a group, members can be inspired by other members in the group by another member who has overcome the thing they’re still struggling with
Corrective recapitulation of family experience: some group members may see their own parents or siblings in their peers or therapist
Imitative behaviour: modelling, observing and imitating the therapist and other group members
Cohesiveness: group members feel accepted, valid and like they belong
Interpersonal learning: greater self awareness when they interact with others in a group
Self understanding: greater levels of insight with ones own problems
