Additional Elements Flashcards
What does a forensic psychologist do? where do they work and who with?
Assessment and treatment of criminal behaviour
Work in secure inpatient settings, where people are detained for a crime and diagnosed with severe disorders
Work with professionals involved in the systems and the victims of crime as well
Give evidence in court
Advise parole boards
Rehabilitate prisoners
What is the Historical Clinical Risk Management 20 (HCR-20)? What version are we on? What model does it use? At what age can it be used? Where is it conducted?
Risk assessment
Version 3
Uses the SPJ (structured professional judgement) model of violence to assess the risk
Done within forensic, psychiatric settings
For adults aged 18 and above
What is an expert witness in court? What is a psychologist expected to do? How should they speak in court and who are they instructed by?
Terminology such as stated, reported, allegedly
Use speech when giving direct quotes
Give evidence in court
Legally instructed by a solicitor or court
What are group interventions in forensic psychology? What types of patients can psychologists work with? How do psychologists help patients?
Aim to reduce the risk of reoffending
Help patients to develop problem solving skills
Can target specific offenses such as sex offending
Health psychologists use the biopsychosocial model, what does this mean? Where do they work? How can psychological and behavioural factors influence health?
Work in health clinics and hospitals
Biopsychosocial approach
Bio: virus, tumour
Psycho: thoughts and beliefs
Behavioural: habits
Social: economics or ethnicity
Psychological factors can impact health directly, e.g. chronically occurring environmental stressors affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis, which harms health
Behavioural factors can also impact health: e.g. overtime some behaviours like smoking can harm health
How do health psychologists improve adhere to medical advice? What might patients forget to take and why is this bad? How can CBT be used to help this?
Health psychologists engage in research and help patients follow medical advice and adhere to their treatment plans
Patients may forget to take they medication or decide not to due to side effects
Failing to take prescribed meds is costly and wasted medicine that could help others
CBT has been adapted to people suffering with chronic illness and comorbid psychological distress to help patients adhere to medical advice
How can health psychologists manage pain? What questionnaire can be used to measure pain? How does this work? What treatments can help pain? What do health psychologists do?
Health psychologists find treatments to reduce and eliminate pain
As well as to understand pain abnormalities such as phantom limb pain
McGill Pain Questionnaire has been used to measure pain
It can be used to monitor pain and determine effectiveness of treatments overtime
Treatment starts with helping the patient understand the link between mind and body
These treatments can be: CBT, Acupuncture, Biofeedback, administered pain relief
What do neuropsychologists do? What types of patients do they work with? How are patients assessed?
Specialist knowledge in neurosciences
Brain injuries or brain damage
Neurological illnesses that affect the way people think or behave
Assess and treat these patients
Do an interview with the patient, then do background history on the patient- was this an accident? did it gradually happen?
What are the 2 assessment scales do neuropsychologists use?
WAIS - Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
4 index: work memory, verbal comprehension, perceptual organisation, processing speed
WISC - Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
According to the BPS, what is the consultation stage? Who do psychologists work with? Why is it useful for psychologists? What do they do in this stage?
Assist another professional
Can be triadic, means there are 3 professionals
Can sometimes involve the client as well
To enhance quality of practise
To provide practitioners with consultation on their work with clients
To give psychologists a chance to reflect to maximise their responsibility for appropriate self care
Contribute to the CPD (contribute professional development) of both the psychologist and supervisor by developing competence in use and practise if supervision
According to the BPS, what is the formulation stage? What does team formulation of a client mean? What does formulation of the team mean?
Team formulation of client
A team’s understanding of the client which includes the team in that formulation (e.g. how the client might make them feel)
A formulation of the team
Understanding of dynamics in a team and attempts to explain why they are happening
According to the BPS, what is a clinical audit and a service evaluation? What does it measure?
Service evaluations: measures current service without comparing to a standard, designed and conducted to define or judge the current state
Clinical audit: design and conducted to produce information to inform best delivery of care, measures against a standard
According to the BPS, what does respect include? How should psychologists treat a patient?
Sensitive to the dynamics of perceived authority, or influence in regards to people’s rights
Privacy
Confidential
Respect
Issues of power
Consent
Communities and shared values within them
Importance of compassion, empathy, openness
According to the BPS, what does competence include? How should psychologists treat a patient?
Maintain high standard of competence
Work within their recognised limits
Possession of skills to care and serve people
Maintain practical skills
You may need to refer to another professional
According to the BPS, what does responsibility include? How should psychologists treat a patient?
Avoidance of harm, prevention of misuse or abuse
Professional accountability
Responsible use of knowledge and skills
Respect for welfare of humans
Potentially competing duties
According to the BPS, what does integrity include? How should psychologists treat a patient?
Honesty, probity, accuracy, clarity and fairness in their interactions with others
Unbiased
Avoidance of conflict and exploitation
Address misconduct
Maintain personal and professional boundaries
What is the MCA (Mental Capacity Act)? At what age? What types of patients does it affect? What do they need help with? When is help offered?
Protect and empower those who may lack the mental capacity to make their own decisions
16 years and over
Covers day to day tasks
Assume people have the capacity to make decisions unless suggested otherwise. But when possible, help others make decisions
These people can include: stroke patients, but not all of these people have a lack of mental capacity
When can a psychologist make a decision for someone who lacks capacity? Can other people help this patient make decisions?
Decisions can be made for someone if they lack capacity, if it’s in their best interests
Least restrictive on their rights and freedoms
Patients should express their preferences and appoint a trusted person
Independent advocate who will support them in making decisions
What does the future look like for clinical psychologists? Will there be more and will this open up other job opportunities?
CP’s are more expensive than other colleagues
Recently training places were commissioned which may be very much needed
roles then change to more consultation/supervision for some
Increase in lower band professions being created to improve access to psychological treatments
