Definitions - approaches

Question 1

Empiricism

Answer 1

belief that all knowledge is from sensory experience - characterised by use of scientific method

Question 2

Introspection

Answer 2

process where a person gains knowledge about their mental and emotional states as a result of observation of their conscious thoughts and feelings

Question 3

Scientific method

Answer 3

use of investigative methods that are objective, systematic and replicable

Question 4

Mediational process

Answer 4

refers to internal mental processes that exist between enviromental stimuli and response made by a person

Question 5

Vicarious reinforcement

Answer 5

learning that isn’t from direct reinforcement of behaviour by through observation of someone elses behaviour being reinforced

Question 6

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 6

area of psychology dedicated to underlying neural bases of cognitive functions

Question 7

Theoretical framework

Answer 7

models are simplified usually pictorial representations of a particular mental process based on current research evidence

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

genetic make up of and individual

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

observable characteristics of a person - consequence of interaction between genes and enviroment

Question 10

Congruence

Answer 10

the levels of similarity between a person’s ideal self and actual self