Definitions

Question 1

Subcostal recession

Answer 1

Under the ribs, muscle disappears when struggling to breath.

Question 2

Intercostal recession

Answer 2

The muscles between ribs suck in when struggling to breath.

Question 3

Tracheal tug

Answer 3

Muscles in neck (trachea) move downwards when breathing.

Question 4

Head bobbing

Answer 4

Head bobs when struggling to breath.

Question 5

Bradypnoea or hypoventilation

Answer 5

Slow, below normal respiration rate (<12).

Question 6

Tachypnoea or hyperventilation

Answer 6

Rapid, above normal respiration rate (>20).

Question 7

Dyspnoea

Answer 7

Shortness of breath with elevated, normal or decreased RR.

Question 8

Hyperpnoea

Answer 8

Abnormally deep and laboured breathing, with/without rapid breathing

Question 9

Apnoea

Answer 9

Absence of breathing.

Question 10

Tachycardia

Answer 10

A HR that is above normal >100 bpm.

Question 11

Bradycardia

Answer 11

A HR that is below normal <60 bpm.

Question 12

Hypothermia

Answer 12

Low body temperature <35°C.

Question 13

Pyrexia

Answer 13

High temperature of more than 37°C associated with infection.

Question 14

Hyperthermia

Answer 14

Elevation in core body temperature due to failed thermoregulation above 38°C.

Question 15

Hypertension

Answer 15

A BP exceeds 140/90 mmHg.

Question 16

Hypotension

Answer 16

A BP (systolic) below 100 mmHg.

Question 17

Haematemesis

Answer 17

Presence of blood in vomit, bright pink or “coffee grind”.

Question 18

Copremesis

Answer 18

Odour or presence of faeces in vomit.

Question 19

Emetogenic potential

Answer 19

Ability of a treatment to cause nausea, retching and vomiting.

Question 20

Antiemetics

Answer 20

Medications used to treat nausea, retching and vomiting.

Question 21

Cyanosis

Answer 21

Bluish tinge to skin and mucous membrane. Because of low levels of oxygen due to respiratory distress/failure.