Definitely on Exam 1 Flashcards
What are the strongest inducers?
*(this is on EVERY EXAM)
Phenytoin
Smoking
Phenobarbital
Oxcarbazepine
Rifampin (and rifabutin / rifapentine)
Carbamazepine
St. John’s Wort
PS PORCS
What are the strongest inhibitors?
*(this is on EVERY EXAM)
Grapefruit
PIs (protease inhibitors)
Azoles
C–cyclosporin & cimetidine
Macrolides (not azithromycin)
Amiodarone (and dronedarone)
Non-DHP CCBs (diltiazem and verapamil)
G PACMAN
Name 3 medications that can induce fever
Beta-lactams, nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides
What are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation? How might you treat them?
1) Redness, swelling, heat, pain.
2) NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, or acetaminophen.
Name 4 bacteria you should suspect in the upper respiratory tract infection
1) Strep. [pyrogenes]
2) Strep. [pneumonae]
3) Haemophilus influenzae
4) Moraxella catarrhalis
What 4 things should you suspect in endocarditis?
1) Staphylococcus
2) Streptococcus viridans
3) Enterococcus
4) HACEK
Name 5 causes of meningitis
1) Streptococcus pneumoniae
2) Neisseria
3) Haemophilus influenzae
4) GBS/E coli
5) Listeria
Name 5 potential causes of community-acquired lower respiratory infection
1) Streptococcus pneumoniae
2) Haemophilus influenzae
3/4) Atypicals: Legionella, Mycoplasma
5) Enteric GN
Name 4 potential causes of hospital acquired lower respiratory infection
1) Staphylococcus
2) Pseudomonas
3) Enteric GN
4) Streptococcus pneumoniae
What are 4 common intra-abdominal infection bacteria?
1) Enteric GN,
2) Enterococcus
3) Streptococcus
4) Bacteroides spp.
Name 5 bacteria you should suspect in a bone/ joint infection
1) Staphylococcus aureus
2) Staphylococcus epidermidis
3) Streptococci
4) Enterococcus
5) Neisseria
Name 5 bacteria that can be found in UTIs
1) E. coli
2) Proteus
3) Klebsiella
4) Staphylococcus saprophyticus
5) Enterococcus
Name a type of diplococcus that’s α-hemolytic and commonly causes pneumonia and meningitis
Pneumococci (S. pneumoniae)
What are the 3 things antibiotics target?
1) Cell wall synthesis
2) Nucleic acid synthesis
3) Protein synthesis
Name the 4 categories of antibiotics that attack cell wall synthesis
1) Beta-lactams
2) Vancomycin
3) Bacitracin
4) Cell membrane (polymyxins)
Name 5 groups within the Beta-lactam category
1) Penicillins
2) Cephalosporins
3) Carbapenems
4) Monobactams
List the 3 ways antibiotics can attack nucleic acid synthesis, and what’s in each category
1) Folate synthesis: sulfonamides and trimethoprim
2) DNA gyrase: quinolones
3) RNA polymerase: rifampin
What are the 2 ways bacteria can attack protein synthesis?
1) 50s subunit
2) 30s subunit
1) What antibiotics attack the 50s subunit?
2) Which attack the 30s subunit?
1) Macrolides, clindamycin, linezolid
2) Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides
1) Ertapenem NOT cover what 3 things?
2) What is it the DOC for?
1) Pseudomonas, enterococcus, E.faecium
2) ESBL
