Antibiotics lists

Question 1

List antibiotics that will work for MSSA (Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus)

Answer 1

Highlighted:
1) Antistaphyloccal penicillins (nafcillin/oxacillin/dicloxacillin)
2)Aminopenicillins + B-lactamase inhibitor (amox/ amp + b-lact inhib).- work for MSSE too
3)Extended Spectrum penicillins + β-lactamase inhibitor(piperacillin/ tazobactam & ticarcillin/ clavulanate)- MSSE too

Also:
-Macrolides (MSSE too)

Question 2

List antibiotics with good pseudomonas coverage

Answer 2

1) Antipseudomonal penicillins
-i.e. piperacillin/piperacillin-tazobactam)
2) 3rd & 4th gen cephalosporins
-i.e. ceftazidime + cefepime

Question 3

1) All penicillins have good mouth anaerobe coverage, but which also cover B. Fragilis?
2) Which also covers Treponema pallidum?

Answer 3

1) A) Ampicillin/ sulbactam (IV), Amoxicillin/ clavulanate (PO)
-i.e. Aminopenicillins + B-lactamase inhibitor
B) Piperacillin/ Tazobactam (IV), Ticarcillin/ Clavulanate (IV)
-i.e. Extended Spectrum + β-lactamase inhibitor
2) Penicillin G (IV & IM) & Penicillin V (PO)

Question 4

True or false: Ampicillin and amoxicillin have the same aerobic G+ coverage as penicillin

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Renal dosing: What 5 antibiotics’ renal dosing starts at 30ml/min?

Answer 5

1) Amoxicillin
2) Cefdinir
3) Cefuroxime axetil
4) Clarithromycin
5) Sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim

Question 6

Renal dosing: What antibiotics’ renal dosing starts at 50ml/min?

Answer 6

1) Ampicillin
2) Cephalexin
3) Ciprofloxacin
4) Levofloxacin

Question 7

What class has no activity against Enterococcus or atypicals?

Answer 7

Cephalosporins

Question 8

Out of all the cephalosporins, which has the best activity against gram + aerobes?

Answer 8

1st gen

Question 9

What antibiotic is limited use in children < 8 to 12 years old due to teeth discoloration?

Answer 9

Tetracyclines in general, but esp. Doxycycline, (IV & PO)

Question 10

1) Name a medication that can be used for overgrowth of C.diff
2) What else is effective against C. diff?

Answer 10

1) Clindamycin (IV and PO)
2) Vancomycin (when taken PO only)

Question 11

What medication can cause Disulfram reaction with alcohol and leave a metallic taste in mouth? When should it be used?

Answer 11

Metronidazole (IV and PO); only use for anaerobes

Question 12

What medication should only be used for anaerobes?

Answer 12

Metronidazole (IV and PO)

Question 13

Do doxycycline, clindamycin, and linezolid need renal dosing?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

List a concentration-dependent (Cmax:MIC) group of antibiotics

Answer 14

Aminoglycosides

Question 15

Which antibiotics are time-dependent (Time > MIC)?

Answer 15

Beta-lactams

Question 16

List antibiotics with good MRSA coverage.
Then list ones with good CA-MRSA coverage.

Answer 16

MRSA:
a) 5th gen cephalosporins (ceftaroline)
b) Delafloxacin (only approved for SSTIs)
CA-MRSA:
a) Tetracyclines (incl. doxycycline)
b) Trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (sulfonamides)
c) Clindamycin (a lincosamide)

Question 17

What cephalosporin has a long half life and usually has Qday dosing?

Answer 17

Ceftriaxone (3rd gen IV)

Question 18

Cephalosporins:
1) Which is more stable to induction resistance with pseudomonas?
2) Which has minimal activity vs. E. faecalis?

Answer 18

1) Cefepime (IV, 4th gen)
2) Ceftaroline (IV, 5th gen)

Question 19

Which antibiotic should specifically not be used in the treatment of pneumonia?

Answer 19

Doripenem

Question 20

List antibiotics that only cover G- bacteria

Answer 20

Aztreonam (IV, a monobactam)

Question 21

Ertapenem NOT cover what three things?

*will be on test

Answer 21

Pseudomonas or enterococcus
-NO E.faecium

Question 22

When may synergy dosing be appropriate for aminoglycosides?

Answer 22

Streptococcus and Enterococcus usually for infective endocarditis (i.e. for G+ pathogens)

Question 23

What class of antibiotics generally requires drug therapy monitoring & extended interval dosing?

Answer 23

Aminoglycosides

Question 24

Nephrotoxicity and hearing loss are signs of what class?

Answer 24

Aminoglycosides

Question 25

Mycobacteria can be treated with what?

Answer 25

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin (IV), Tobramycin (IV), Amikacin (IV), Streptomycin (IV))

Question 26

What antibiotic can have a post-antibiotic affect?

Answer 26

Azithromycin

Question 27

What can you use to treat atypicals?

Answer 27

1) Macrolides
-(i.e. azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin)
2) Fluroquinolones
-(ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)
3) Tigecycline (IV, a type of glycylcycline)
4) Tetracyclines

Question 28

List 2 exposure-dependent (AUC:MIC) antibiotics

Answer 28

Vancomycin and macrolides

Question 29

True or false: Azithromycin and Erythromycin require no renal dosing

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Which fluroquinolones should be used for respiratory conditions? What abt other conditions?

Answer 30

1) Resp: gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin
2) Non-respiratory: ciprofloxacin

Question 31

What antibiotic is inactivated by pulmonary surfactants?

Answer 31

Daptomycin (IV)

Question 32

What antibiotic carries a risk of serotonin syndrome when combined w. MAOIs/ SSRIs?

Answer 32

Linezolid/tedizolid

Question 33

List 2 antibiotics you can use against VREs

Answer 33

1) Daptomycin
2) Linezolid/tedizolid

Question 34

List antibiotics with no aerobic G- coverage

Answer 34

1) Vancomycin
2) Telavancin
3) Daptomycin

Question 35

What is the DOC for ticks/ rickettsia?

Answer 35

Tetracyclines

Question 36

What antibiotic should you not challenge if a rash develops?

Answer 36

Sulfonamides (Trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole)

Question 37

What non-penicillin can cover B. Fragilis?

Answer 37

Clindamycin (a Lincosamide)

Question 38

What antibiotic requires renal dosing starting at 90 mL/min?

Answer 38

Tetracycline