Antibiotics lists Flashcards
More "big picture" antibiotic Qs
List antibiotics that will work for MSSA (Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus)
Highlighted:
1) Antistaphyloccal penicillins (nafcillin/oxacillin/dicloxacillin)
2)Aminopenicillins + B-lactamase inhibitor (amox/ amp + b-lact inhib).- work for MSSE too
3)Extended Spectrum penicillins + β-lactamase inhibitor(piperacillin/ tazobactam & ticarcillin/ clavulanate)- MSSE too
Also:
-Macrolides (MSSE too)
List antibiotics with good pseudomonas coverage
1) Antipseudomonal penicillins
-i.e. piperacillin/piperacillin-tazobactam)
2) 3rd & 4th gen cephalosporins
-i.e. ceftazidime + cefepime
1) All penicillins have good mouth anaerobe coverage, but which also cover B. Fragilis?
2) Which also covers Treponema pallidum?
1) A) Ampicillin/ sulbactam (IV), Amoxicillin/ clavulanate (PO)
-i.e. Aminopenicillins + B-lactamase inhibitor
B) Piperacillin/ Tazobactam (IV), Ticarcillin/ Clavulanate (IV)
-i.e. Extended Spectrum + β-lactamase inhibitor
2) Penicillin G (IV & IM) & Penicillin V (PO)
True or false: Ampicillin and amoxicillin have the same aerobic G+ coverage as penicillin
True
Renal dosing: What 5 antibiotics’ renal dosing starts at 30ml/min?
1) Amoxicillin
2) Cefdinir
3) Cefuroxime axetil
4) Clarithromycin
5) Sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim
Renal dosing: What antibiotics’ renal dosing starts at 50ml/min?
1) Ampicillin
2) Cephalexin
3) Ciprofloxacin
4) Levofloxacin
What class has no activity against Enterococcus or atypicals?
Cephalosporins
Out of all the cephalosporins, which has the best activity against gram + aerobes?
1st gen
What antibiotic is limited use in children < 8 to 12 years old due to teeth discoloration?
Tetracyclines in general, but esp. Doxycycline, (IV & PO)
1) Name a medication that can be used for overgrowth of C.diff
2) What else is effective against C. diff?
1) Clindamycin (IV and PO)
2) Vancomycin (when taken PO only)
What medication can cause Disulfram reaction with alcohol and leave a metallic taste in mouth? When should it be used?
Metronidazole (IV and PO); only use for anaerobes
What medication should only be used for anaerobes?
Metronidazole (IV and PO)
Do doxycycline, clindamycin, and linezolid need renal dosing?
No
List a concentration-dependent (Cmax:MIC) group of antibiotics
Aminoglycosides
Which antibiotics are time-dependent (Time > MIC)?
Beta-lactams
List antibiotics with good MRSA coverage.
Then list ones with good CA-MRSA coverage.
MRSA:
a) 5th gen cephalosporins (ceftaroline)
b) Delafloxacin (only approved for SSTIs)
CA-MRSA:
a) Tetracyclines (incl. doxycycline)
b) Trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (sulfonamides)
c) Clindamycin (a lincosamide)
What cephalosporin has a long half life and usually has Qday dosing?
Ceftriaxone (3rd gen IV)
Cephalosporins:
1) Which is more stable to induction resistance with pseudomonas?
2) Which has minimal activity vs. E. faecalis?
1) Cefepime (IV, 4th gen)
2) Ceftaroline (IV, 5th gen)
Which antibiotic should specifically not be used in the treatment of pneumonia?
Doripenem
List antibiotics that only cover G- bacteria
Aztreonam (IV, a monobactam)
Ertapenem NOT cover what three things?
*will be on test
Pseudomonas or enterococcus
-NO E.faecium
When may synergy dosing be appropriate for aminoglycosides?
Streptococcus and Enterococcus usually for infective endocarditis (i.e. for G+ pathogens)
What class of antibiotics generally requires drug therapy monitoring & extended interval dosing?
Aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxicity and hearing loss are signs of what class?
Aminoglycosides
Mycobacteria can be treated with what?
Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin (IV), Tobramycin (IV), Amikacin (IV), Streptomycin (IV))
What antibiotic can have a post-antibiotic affect?
Azithromycin
What can you use to treat atypicals?
1) Macrolides
-(i.e. azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin)
2) Fluroquinolones
-(ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)
3) Tigecycline (IV, a type of glycylcycline)
4) Tetracyclines
(MFTT)
List 2 exposure-dependent (AUC:MIC) antibiotics
Vancomycin and macrolides
True or false: Azithromycin and Erythromycin require no renal dosing
True
Which fluroquinolones should be used for respiratory conditions? What abt other conditions?
1) Resp: gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin
2) Non-respiratory: ciprofloxacin
What antibiotic is inactivated by pulmonary surfactants?
Daptomycin (IV)
What antibiotic carries a risk of serotonin syndrome when combined w. MAOIs/ SSRIs?
Linezolid/tedizolid
List 2 antibiotics you can use against VREs
1) Daptomycin
2) Linezolid/tedizolid
List 3 antibiotics with no aerobic G- coverage
1) Vancomycin
2) Telavancin
3) Daptomycin
What is the DOC for ticks/ rickettsia?
Tetracyclines
What antibiotic should you not challenge if a rash develops?
Sulfonamides (Trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole)
What non-penicillin can cover B. Fragilis?
Clindamycin (a Lincosamide)
What antibiotic requires renal dosing starting at 90 mL/min?
Tetracycline
