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Neuro 302 Test 1 > Defining features of neurons > Flashcards

Defining features of neurons Flashcards

1
Q

Where do neurons and glia originate from during development?

A

Neural Tube

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2
Q

What are the 3 features of neurons relative to glia?

A

Morphological and functional asymmetry
Electrical excitability
Chemical excitability

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3
Q

What is plasmalemma?

A

cell membrane

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4
Q

What are the components of neuronal cell membranes?

A

Phospholipid bilayer
Ion channels
Receptors
Proteins

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5
Q

What are the components of cytosol?

A

Aqueous Fluid

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6
Q

What is the location and function of mRNA

A

located in the nucleus

transcribes genetic code from DNA

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7
Q

What is the location and function of rRNA

A

located in cytoplasm of cell

directs translation of mRNA into proteins

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8
Q

What is the location and function of tRNA

A

located in ribosomes

involved in protein synthesis by transferring nucleotide sequences into amino acids

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9
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

Uses rRNA and proteins to make ribosomal subunits

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10
Q

What are nonmembranous organelles?

A

Ribosomes, Proteasomes, Centrosomes

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11
Q

What are membranous organelles?

A

Mitochondrio, peroxisomes, lysosomes, rough ER, smooth ER, Golgi complex

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12
Q

Ribosomes

A

non-membranous Site of biological protein synthesis can be membrane bound or cytosolic

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13
Q

Peroxisomes

A

membranous Degrades fatty acids and amino acids and detoxifies cell by preventing hydrogen peroxide accumulation

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14
Q

Lysosomes

A

Mobile membranous organelles that degrade organelles, pathogens, and macromolecules brought by endosomes

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15
Q

Proteasomes

A

non-membranous Unfolds and degrades ubiquitin tabled proteins for recycling

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16
Q

Centrosomes

A

non-membranous and organizes microtubules

17
Q

Describe life cycle of a protein

A

Transcribed my mRNA, translated by rRNA and tRNA, folds and functions, tagged with ubiquitin, proteasome degrades

18
Q

What is Zellweger Spectrum disorder?

A

Congenital disorder caused by absence of peroxisomes.

Symptoms: impaired neuronal migration, reduced CNS myelin

19
Q

What are polysomes?

A

mRNA and multiple ribosome complex in the dendritic spines of neurons that acts as local protein synthesis

20
Q

How are endosomes involved in receptor turnover?

A

Used as shuttles for endocytosis when plasmalemma w/ receptor turn into endocytic vesicle that is shuttled back to membrane or to lysosomes

21
Q

What can freely enter/exit the nucleus?

A

Molecules with a molecular weight less than 5,000

22
Q

What are Lewi bodies?

A

Accumulation of insoluble alpha-synuclein protein builds up inside neurons leading to parkinsons

23
Q

What is amyloid plaque?

A

accumulation of beta-amyloid plaque in extracellular space that clogs synapses and leads to alzheimers

24
Q

What are SNAREs?

A

Large protein complex responsible for mediating vesicle fusion to their proper destination

25
Q

Why is endocytosis essential for neuronal health?

A

Maintains cell membrane
alters activity of regulatory molecules
recycling of synaptic vesicles

26
Q

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

Occurs with clarthin coated vesicles that react with transmembrane receptors

27
Q

Bulk Endocytosis

A

Large portion of plasmalemma recycled through uncoated vacuoles that fuse with endosomes

28
Q

Differences between rough ER and smooth ER

A

Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is involved in post-translational protein modification
Smooth ER has no ribosomes, synthesizes lipids and steroid hormones

29
Q

Which 3 organelles do post-translational protein modification

A

Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi Complex

30
Q

Transport Vesicles

A

used for constitutive secretion and carries proteins

31
Q

Dense-Core Vesicles

A

Involved in regulated secretion dependent on Ca2+ exocytosis and carries neuropeptides

32
Q

Dendritic cytoplasm

A

Contain same makeup of somatic cytoplasm with organelles

33
Q

Axonic cytoplasm

A

Lacks organelles except smooth ER

Neuro 302 Test 1 (8 decks)

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