Defence Cells Flashcards
where do almost all immune cells originate
the bone marrow is where almost all of these cells originate
what cells come from myeloid origin
mast cells, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils all come from this origin
what cells come from lymphoid origin
NK cells, T cells and B cells all come from this origin
Functions of mast cells
release histamine, cause inflammation and vasodilation are functions of this cell
functions of macrophages
phagocytosing pathogens and presenting antigens is a function of these cells
monocytes
precursors to macrophages
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET’s)
produced by neutrophils and can bind to pathogens
neutrophil
this cell is phagocytic, contains degradative enzymes and is the most numerous cell in the innate response
basophils
this cell acts as a defence against parasites and has granules containing histamine
eosinophils
this cell releases toxins that can kill bacteria and parasites but also cause tissue damage
dendritic cells main role
the main role of this cell is antigen presentation
pathway of dendritic cell
the immature version of this cell takes up antigens in the epidermis before migrating to the lymph nodes (differentiating to mature on route) to find t cells
NK cells
this cells kills tumours, abnormal cells and virus infected cells
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)
these cells produce cytokines and have 3 main subsets : ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3
where do t cells mature
these cells mature in the thymus
function of CD8+ cells
these cells destroy our own cells that have been infected by producing perforins (create pores in the membrane) through which granzymes can enter and kill the cell
another name for CD8+ cells
cytotoxic t cells is another name for this cell
function of CD4+ cells
the function of these cells is to support other immune cells
another name for CD4+ cells
T helper cells is another name for these cells
name the subsets of CD4+ cells
the subsets of these cells are TH1, TH2, TH17 and TFH
function of TH1 subset of CD4+ cells
the function of this CD4+ subset is to support macrophages. Also a source of IFN - Y (cytokine) which tells immune cells (macrophages, t cells ) to destory infected cells
function of TH2 subset of CD4+ cells
the function of this CD4+ subset is to produce cytokines that instruct B cells to produce antibodies
function of TH17 subset of CD4+ cells
the function of this CD4+ subset is to secrete IL-17 cytokines and suppot innate immune response
function of TFH subset of CD4+ cells
the function of this CD4+ subset is to induce specific B cell responses
Function of Tregs
the function of these cells is to regulate/suppress other immune cells. produce inhibitory cytokines that suppress t cell and dendritic cell activation
