Defence Cells

Question 1

where do almost all immune cells originate

Answer 1

the bone marrow is where almost all of these cells originate

Question 2

what cells come from myeloid origin

Answer 2

mast cells, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils all come from this origin

Question 3

what cells come from lymphoid origin

Answer 3

NK cells, T cells and B cells all come from this origin

Question 4

Functions of mast cells

Answer 4

release histamine, cause inflammation and vasodilation are functions of this cell

Question 5

functions of macrophages

Answer 5

phagocytosing pathogens and presenting antigens is a function of these cells

Question 6

monocytes

Answer 6

precursors to macrophages

Question 7

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET’s)

Answer 7

produced by neutrophils and can bind to pathogens

Question 8

neutrophil

Answer 8

this cell is phagocytic, contains degradative enzymes and is the most numerous cell in the innate response

Question 9

basophils

Answer 9

this cell acts as a defence against parasites and has granules containing histamine

Question 10

eosinophils

Answer 10

this cell releases toxins that can kill bacteria and parasites but also cause tissue damage

Question 11

dendritic cells main role

Answer 11

the main role of this cell is antigen presentation

Question 12

pathway of dendritic cell

Answer 12

the immature version of this cell takes up antigens in the epidermis before migrating to the lymph nodes (differentiating to mature on route) to find t cells

Question 13

NK cells

Answer 13

this cells kills tumours, abnormal cells and virus infected cells

Question 14

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)

Answer 14

these cells produce cytokines and have 3 main subsets : ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3

Question 15

where do t cells mature

Answer 15

these cells mature in the thymus

Question 16

function of CD8+ cells

Answer 16

these cells destroy our own cells that have been infected by producing perforins (create pores in the membrane) through which granzymes can enter and kill the cell

Question 17

another name for CD8+ cells

Answer 17

cytotoxic t cells is another name for this cell

Question 18

function of CD4+ cells

Answer 18

the function of these cells is to support other immune cells

Question 19

another name for CD4+ cells

Answer 19

T helper cells is another name for these cells

Question 20

name the subsets of CD4+ cells

Answer 20

the subsets of these cells are TH1, TH2, TH17 and TFH

Question 21

function of TH1 subset of CD4+ cells

Answer 21

the function of this CD4+ subset is to support macrophages. Also a source of IFN - Y (cytokine) which tells immune cells (macrophages, t cells ) to destory infected cells

Question 22

function of TH2 subset of CD4+ cells

Answer 22

the function of this CD4+ subset is to produce cytokines that instruct B cells to produce antibodies

Question 23

function of TH17 subset of CD4+ cells

Answer 23

the function of this CD4+ subset is to secrete IL-17 cytokines and suppot innate immune response

Question 24

function of TFH subset of CD4+ cells

Answer 24

the function of this CD4+ subset is to induce specific B cell responses

Question 25

Function of Tregs

Answer 25

the function of these cells is to regulate/suppress other immune cells. produce inhibitory cytokines that suppress t cell and dendritic cell activation