Deepika Tiruveedhula Unit 6 Vocab Flashcards
Social Darwinism 6.1
- concept that came from Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” ideology from biology where European countries naturally possessed traits that made them a dominant race or more successful, needing to spread these traits through missionaries to “less fit” countries
1) The ideology of Social Darwinism propelled Imperialism by justifying the reasons why European nations were able to colonize other countries for their natural resources, so they can “help” them out and make them more like them when really they were only taking advantage of their raw materials
Belgian Congo 6.2
-was first privately bought out by King Leopold II but then later was taken over by
Berlin Conference 6.2
meeting between European nations in 1884 to divide up and conquer areas of Africa with no regards to previously established borders between ethnic groups,
Settler Colonies 6.2
- colony where the new population is replaced with settlers of the European power country, European settlers might try to dominate natives in social hierarchy or impose culture onto natives to give them more power, ex with France and Britain
2) While some imperial countries used economic imperialism military to gain authority in governments, settler colonies want to replace the indigenous population and gain power in a hierarchy to control the colony
Suez Canal 6.2
- canal that connected Mediterranean Sea to Indian Ocean, was built with help of France but later Egypt went bankrupt, British were able to take control of canal through stocks since it aided in their control over India and was a strategic area for trading
2) economically, they were able to gain power through
Boxer Rebellion 6.3
-rebellion against Europeans and Christian Chinese people in China, led to boxer protocol where they had to apologize to Japan and British which had
Creation of Zulu Kingdom 6.3
3)
Indian Rebellion of 1857 6.3
3)
Tupac Amaru II’s Rebellion in Peru 6.3
3)
Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement 6.3
-The xhosa tribe was struggling due to losing their land and independence to the british, an emergence of a lung disease, and loss of farming land from the Cape Colony wars, then a prophet girl Nongqawuse started a movement where killing the cattle would remove the curse and help the spirits of ancestors start a war against the British, ultimately led to even more loss and majority of the Xhosa dying of being displaced
3)
Export Economy 6.4
- economy of countries that utilize the cultivation of (multiple of a single) raw material as their main source of income, profits earned help to pay for the manufactured goods sold to them by imperial countries, mainly had food and industrial crops, ex include cotton in Egypt, rubber in Congo and Amazon Basin, diamonds from Africa, meat from Argentina and Uruguay, etc
4) Certain countries that had the correct climates to grow raw materials in abundance were taken advantage by the imperial countries for their urban centers to support a growing population, these countries grew export economies to help the need for these materials in imperial countries
Economic Imperialism 6.5
- when imperial countries gain power over other territories economically, through the use of non state entities like joint-stock companies, typically companies invests in the creation of natural resources helping forming export economies in imperialized country, merchants or company have advantages in trade
5) Use of joint-stock companies gave imperial powers advantage in trade with a country and political power since it controlled majority of economy, imperial countries could now strategically use countries that were imperialized to gain profits, now imperialized ones had to rely on exporting only to imperial countries for profit and to purchase manufactured goods
Opium Wars 6.5
- occurred in 1839-1842, The British were in debt to China so sold highly addictive substance Opium from 1773-1838, Manchu banned Opium but British still needed profit so went to war and ended with Nanjing treaty, treaty was unequal and still allowed British to trade in Hong Kong, continued in 1843 and formally took Hong Kong as colony, 2nd Opium Wars in 1856-60 opening all of China to European trade
5) The British were able to use Opium grown in India and sell it to China to pay off debts but then increase profits by ignoring the restrictions that the Manchu govt had set, eventually led to British signing a treaty to open trade for all European nations to use CH for resources
Chinese and Indian Indentured Servitude 6.6
a form of semi-coerced labor, after the abolition of slavery European nations needed labor in colonies for cheap, imperial countries like Britain needed to restore their labor force after abolition and cheap influx of cotton so forced up to 1.5 mil Indians to sign contracts in the Caribbeans
6) voluntary migration from unindustrialized to industrialized societies and the availability of industrial travel like railroads and steamships helped people to move to cities, displaced people due to overusing farm land, imperial countries encouraging plantation work, and replacement of artisan labor moved to imperial capitals for jobs
Migrant Workers 6.6
-workers who would seasonally migrate to a country for plantation labor, mainly unskilled work, utilized available industrial transport like railroads and steamships
Japanese were encouraged to go work in Brazil plantations seasonally
7) seasonal plantation work
