Deep Back Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the deep intrinsic muscles?

A

Located under erector spinae, collectively known as transversospinales. Group of short muscles associated with transverse and spinous processes of vertebral column
Three major muscles: semispinalis, multifidus and rotatores

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2
Q

Semispinalis

A

Most superficial of deep intrinsic muscles
Divided by superior attachments into thoracic, cervicis and capitis

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3
Q

Semispinalis attachments

A

Originates from transverse process of C4-T10. Fibres ascend 4-6 vertebral segments, attaching to spinous processes of C2-T4 and to occipital bone of skull

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4
Q

Innervation of semispinalis

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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5
Q

Actions of semispinalis

A

Extends and contralaterally rotates head and vertebral column

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6
Q

Multifidus

A

Located underneath semispinalis muscle. Most developed in lumbar area

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7
Q

Attachments of multifidus

A

Broad origin - arises from sacrum, posterior iliac spine, common tendinous origin of erector spinal, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of T1-T3 and articular processes C4-C7.
Fibres ascend 2-4 vertebra, segments, attaching to vertebral spinous processes

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8
Q

Innervation of multifidus

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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9
Q

Actions of multifidus

A

Stabilises vertebral column

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10
Q

Rotatores

A

Deepest muscles of transversospinales group. Most prominent in thoracic region

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11
Q

Rotatores attachments

A

Originates from vertebral transverse processes. Fibres ascend and attach to lamina and spinous processes of vertebrae above

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12
Q

Actions of rotatores

A

Contributes to extension and rotation of vertebral column. Stabilises vertebrae and has a proprioceptive function

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13
Q

Innervation of rotatores

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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14
Q

Minor deep intrinsic muscles

A

Interspinales, intertranversarii, levatores costarum

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15
Q

Interspinales

A

Spans between adjacent spinous processes, stabilises vertebral column

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16
Q

Intertranversarii

A

Spans between adjacent transverse processes, stabilises vertebral column

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17
Q

Levatores costarum

A

Originates from transverse processes of C7-T11, attaches to rib immediately below
Elevates the ribs

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18
Q

Why are the deep muscles described as intrinsic?

A

Develop embryonically in the back

19
Q

Superficial and intermediate muscles are described as

A

Extrinsic muscles (don’t embryonically develop in the back)

20
Q

Deep muscles covered by

A

Deep fascia

21
Q

Deep muscles divided into

A

3 layers: superficial, intermediate and deep

22
Q

Superficial deep muscles

A

Spinotransversales
2 muscles in this group: splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

23
Q

Splenius capitis attachments

A

Originates from lower aspect of ligamentum nuchae, and spinous process of C7-T3/4 vertebrae.
Fibres attach to mastoid process and occipital bone of skull

24
Q

Innervation of splenius capitis

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves C3 and C4

25
Q

Actions of splenius capitis

A

Rotate head to the same side

26
Q

Splenius cervicis attachments

A

Originates from spinous process of T3-T6 vertebrae.
Fibres attach to transverse processes of C1-3/4

27
Q

Innervation of splenius cervicis

A

Posterior rami of lower cervical spinal nerves

28
Q

Actions of splenius cervicis

A

Rotate head to the same side

29
Q

2 splenius muscles act together to

A

Extend the head and neck

30
Q

Intermediate deep back muscles

A

3 - iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
Form a column - erector spinae

31
Q

Where is the erector spinae?

A

Posterolaterally to spinal column between vertebral spinous processes and costal angle of ribs

32
Q

Iliocostalis

A

Located laterally within erector spinae, associated with ribs, can be divided into 3 parts - lumborum, thoracic and cervicis

33
Q

Iliocostalis attachments

A

Arises from common tendinous origin, attaches to costal angle of ribs and cervical transverse processes

34
Q

Innervation of iliocostalis

A

Posterior rami of the spinal nerves

35
Q

Actions of iliocostalis

A

Acts unilaterally to laterally flex the vertebral column. Acts bilaterally to extend vertebral column and head

36
Q

Longissimus

A

Situated between iliocostalis and spinalis
Largest of the three columns
Divided into 3 - thoracic, cervicis and capitis

37
Q

Longissimus attachment

A

Arises from common tendinous origin, attaches to lower ribs, the transverse processes of C2-T12 and mastoid processes of the skull

38
Q

Longissimus innervation

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

39
Q

Longissimus actions

A

Acts unilaterally to flex vertebral column. Acts bilaterally to extend the vertebral column and head

40
Q

Spinalis

A

Located medially within erector spinae
Smallest of 3 muscle columns
Divided into thoracic, cervicis and capitis (cervicis part is absent in some people)

41
Q

Spinalis attachments

A

Arise from common tendinous origin, attaches to spinous processes of C2, T1-T8 and occipital bone of skull

42
Q

Spinalis innervation

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

43
Q

Spinalis actions

A

Acts unilaterally to laterally flex the vertebral column. Acts bilaterally to extend the vertebral column and head