DECLINE CAUSES - Scientific Knowledge

Question 1

Who was Copernicus? P

Answer 1

A Polish scientist

Question 2

What did Copernicus find that contradicted Aristotle?

Answer 2

Aristotle said everything revolves around the earth, but Copernicus found the earth moves around the sun in a perfect circle.

Question 3

What is it is argued that Copernicus did?

Answer 3

Started the scientific revolution

Question 4

What book did Copernicus write?

When?

Answer 4

“On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres” - 1542

Question 5

What did Johannes Kepler find?

Answer 5

The earth moves around the sun at different speeds in an elliptical shape.
Planets are pushed around the sun.

Question 6

Who found that the earth moves in a perfect circle around the sun?

Answer 6

Copernicus

Question 7

Who found that the earth moves around the sun at different speeds in an elliptical shape and planets are pushed around the sun?

Answer 7

Johannes Kepler

Question 8

What book did Johannes Kepler write?

Answer 8

“Astronomia Nova” - 1609

Question 9

What did Galileo aim to prove?

Why couldn’t he do this?

Answer 9

The sun is at the centre.

He couldn’t mathematically prove it, leaving some questions unanswered.

Question 10

What book did Galileo write? When?

What came as a result of Galileo’s book?

Answer 10

“Dialogue Concerning Two Chief World Systems” - 1632

It was widely published which changed many people’s way of thinking - he revolutionised our understanding of the solar system.

Question 11

What happened to Galileo as a result of his work?

Answer 11

He was kicked out of the church.

Question 12

What did Isaac Newton find/do?

Answer 12

Gravity pulls earth towards the sun using centrifugal force.

Confirmed the structure & workings of the universe, solidifying ideas of Galileo & Kepler etc.

Question 13

Scientific knowledge impacted a decline in witchcraft belief by ________ ideas that created _____ about the ______ of ___________.
It ________ people’s _____ and _________ in ____________.

Answer 13

a) cemented, doubt, reality, spectral evidence

b) weakened, faith, understanding, biblical justification

Question 14

Copernicus ‘The Revolution of Heavenly Spheres’ (1543) - it impacted witchcraft belief:
________ with ______ thinkers like ______, who _____ on his ideas.
New, ________ ideas as were supported by the __________ & placed the earth at the ______ of the ________.
SIGNIFICANCE:
________ impact - slowly _________ magic & witchcraft as _________ beliefs of the _____.

Answer 14

a) resonated, future, Kepler, built
b) accepted, Catholic Church, centre, universe
c) long-term, undermined, dominant, elite

Question 15

Copernicus ‘The Revolution of Heavenly Spheres’ (1543) - DIDN’T change witchcraft belief:
Limited _______ - went against ______ & wrote at a time of ___________.
SIGNIFICANCE:
________ - limited _________ meant it was _________ to _____ his ideas.

Answer 15

a) influence, religion, Catholic power

b) restrictions, technology, impossible, prove

Question 16

Kepler ‘Astronomia Nova’ (1609) - how did it change witchcraft belief?
(physical)
What is the significance of this impact?
(encouraged)

Answer 16

Different, new ideas - used science & maths to solve problems & explain mechanics of the physical world.

SIGNIFICANCE:
Changed people’s way of thinking - encouraged them to find natural causes & observe events they can’t understand (eg Galileo).

Question 17

Kepler ‘Astronomia Nova’ (1609) - it DIDN’T change witchcraft belief:
Attempted to _________ ________ of _________ to prove a _____.
SIGNIFICANCE:
Didn’t ______ with _______ _____ enough as _____ were _____ to act on findings of ________.

Answer 17

a) demonstrate importance, observation, theory

b) resonate, enough, fast, elite, slow, scientists

Question 18

Galileo ‘Dialogue Concerning Two Chief World Systems’ (1632) - CHANGED witchcraft belief:
_______ ideas - caused _______ in ______ for challenging the ______.
Clear _____ - _________ was ______ until 17__.
SIGNIFICANCE:
Reveals ______ of ideas - _____ felt _________ by his ideas towards ________.
Changed ways of _______ - _____ split from _______, something needed for _____ to find people _________.

Answer 18

a) different, discontent, church, Bible
b) impact, publication, banned, 1718
c) strength, church, threatened, religion
d) thinking, church, science, elite, not guilty

Question 19

Galileo ‘Dialogue Concerning Two Chief World Systems’ (1632) - how DIDN’T it change witchcraft belief?
(publication)
What is the significance of this impact?
(accessible)

Answer 19

Publication of his book was banned until 1718.

SIGNIFICANCE:
Limited immediate impact - it was not accessible.

Question 20

Isaac Newton ‘Principia Mathematica’ (1687) - how did it change witchcraft belief?
(universe, accessible)
What is the significance of this impact?
(break, reach)

Answer 20

Remarkable - gave evidence for how the universe worked.

Made widely accessible - translated to other languages.

SIGNIFICANCE:
Never done before - represents break from Middle Ages.

Extended reach - in theory makes Newton highly significant.

Question 21

Isaac Newton ‘Principia Mathematica’ (1687) - how DIDN’T it change witchcraft belief?
(decades)
What is the significance of this impact?
(rooted)

Answer 21

Limited direct impact - took a number of decades for witchcraft legislation to be repealed & Salem hunt happened in this period.

SIGNIFICANCE:
Reveals strength of an idea - beliefs of witchcraft & magic were deeply rooted & needed direct actions of elite to force change.