CASE STUDY - SWH End Flashcards
William Phips was born in the _______ in 16__.
He becomes a _______ and gains favour with the _____.
He worked with ________ ______ to renew the ___________ ____ _______ & is made ________.
a) colonies
b) 1651
c) merchant
d) King
e) Increase Mather
f) Massachusetts Bay Colony
g) governor
How does William Phips initially feel about the hunts?
How is this proven?
Supportive
He set up the Court of Oyer and Terminer
Who is William Phips influenced by to bring the trials to an end?
Increase Mather
How does Increase Mather influence William Phips?
He is influenced to bring the trials to an end.
William Stoughton was appointed _________ ________ and _____ ________ of ________ _____ by Phips.
Remembered for being an __________ ______ who was determined to secure _________.
He had previously been involved in the __________ of ________ ______.
a) Lieutenant Governor and Chief Justice of Colonial Courts
b) unforgiving Puritan
c) convictions
d) administration
e) Edmund Andros
Who DIDN’T influence William Stoughton?
Increase Mather
What was William Stoughton convinced by?
Spectral evidence
William Stoughton had sentenced _____ women to _____, including one woman who the _____ had found _______.
a) nine
b) hang
c) jury
d) not guilty
William Stoughton went against Phips’ _____ to _______ the _______ and instead sentenced a _________ woman to ______.
a) orders
b) pardon
c) accused
d) pregnant
e) death
Increase Mather was a _________ Puritan ______ and the ________ of ________ University.
a) well-respected
b) minister
c) President
d) Harvard
What was the name of Increase Mather’s book? (1692)
‘Cases of Conscience Concerning Evil Spirits Persecuting Men’
In his book, ‘Cases of Conscience Concerning Evil Spirits Persecuting Men’, what did Increase Mather argue?
Genuine cases of witchcraft were rare and much of the evidence used at trials was dubious.
What did Phips believe about who was likely to be accused?
Anyone could be accused, regardless of their background.
What did Phips supposedly do upon returning to Massachusetts and hearing about the people being locked up?
Stopped court proceedings.
What did Phips issue in 1693 and what did it do?
The General Pardon - excused 8 people who had been sentenced to death by Stoughton.
What was Stoughton pressured to do by Phips?
Avoid convictions and discount spectral evidence.
In his letter to King William in 1693, what did Phips claim? (2)
The reason the hunts developed so drastically was due to Stoughton & he only set up the court under pressure from Boston’s leading religious figures.
Increase Mather’s Impact - what changed as a result of his writings and sermons?
Godly Puritans began listening to his warnings & accusations slowed down.
Increase Mather’s Impact - how did Mather impact Phips regarding religion?
He took it more seriously.
Increase Mather’s Impact - what did Phips do and pardon as a result of Mather’s influence?
Closed down the Court of Oyer and Terminer and pardoned those who were still under investigation.
The General Pardon’s Impact - what happened in London in 1695?
The government repealed a law in Massachusetts that enabled swift prosecutions for witchcraft.
The General Pardon’s Impact - what happened in 1697?
One of the judges involved in the hunts officially apologised to Massachusetts officials, asking for forgiveness.
