CASE STUDY - SWH Context Flashcards
When was the SWH?
Feb 1692 - May 1693
Before 16__, witch hunting was ________ in __________.
a) 1692
b) uncommon
c) New England
How many people were accused?
How many people were killed?
200
20
What was Salem’s population at the time of the hunt?
1,400
What is interesting about the years following the hunts?
Accusers apologised for the death of victims and paid compensation to their families.
The Life as a Colony in Massachusetts
When did American colonialism took place?
1606-1640
The Life as a Colony in Massachusetts
When did the growth of Virgina take place?
Who migrated there?
1606-1617
Catholics leaving persecution in England
The Life as a Colony in Massachusetts
When did the growth of New England (inc Massachusetts) take place?
Who migrated there?
1620-1640
People who felt the reformation in England hadn’t been done well. Massachusetts was based on Puritan principles & people there were very religious & isolated.
The Life as a Colony in Massachusetts
Salem grew considerably from 16__ under Governor ____ ________ and had a very _____ economy based on ___ & _____, as well as _______.
a) 1630
b) John Winthrop
c) good
d) fur, wood & fishing
The Life as a Colony in Massachusetts
What was the relationship between Puritans and non-Puritans like?
Clear divide as Puritans believed they were superior & non-Puritans were non-existent to them.
The Life as a Colony in Massachusetts
What did Charles II try and fail to do?
Centralise control over colonies as they were becoming religiously driven & not contributing to England - Massachusetts was very resistant to this.
James II and Sir Edmund Andros
James II was the son of _______.
He was very _________ and _______.
He wasn’t _____ and he didn’t ________ with Parliament
a) Charles II
b) controlling & Catholic
c) liked, co-operate
James II and Sir Edmund Andros
What did James want to do that Charles didn’t?
Establish central control.
James II and Sir Edmund Andros
What did James do to try to establish control?
Set up Dominion of New England, bringing colonies under control of one central person appointed by James (Andros).
James II and Sir Edmund Andros
Andros was very ________ and hated by ______ as he had high _____ tendencies.
They believed he was a ________ and planning with the _____ to overthrow ________.
a) disliked
b) Puritans
c) church
d) Catholic
e) Pope
f) Puritans
James II and Sir Edmund Andros
What was the role of Andros?
Enforce James’ wishes for the colonies.
JAMES II & EDMUND ANDROS
Andros attempt to enforce James’ wishes for the colonies by:
Bringing new _____ focusing on ________ ______.
Ensured _____ services were delivered in _______ ______.
Puritan __________ lost ____ & had to ___ to get it back.
________ number of __________ where the _________ discussed ______ etc.
This _______ Puritans.
a) taxes, import/export duties
b) CofE, Puritan churches
c) landowners, land, pay
d) restricted, town meetings, community, events
e) angered
James II and Sir Edmund Andros
One of the ways Andros attempted to enforce James’ wishes for the colonies was to bring new taxes focusing on import/export duties.
How did Puritans feel about this?
This angered them as they had never had to pay tax before.
James II and Sir Edmund Andros
One of the ways Andros attempted to enforce James’ wishes for the colonies was to restrict the number of town meetings.
Why was this?
To prevent them from becoming a place of rebellion, but people would meet in secret regardless to plot to get rid of him.
James II and Sir Edmund Andros
What did The Glorious Revolution result in?
What happened when news of this reached Massachusetts?
James was overthrown and replaced by William of Orange & Queen Mary.
Seen as the opportunity to overthrow Andros - he was arrested for plotting with the Pope.
James II and Sir Edmund Andros
After The Glorious Revolution, what was William concerned about?
What did he do?
Religious rule in colonies.
He enforced a number of rules.
James II and Sir Edmund Andros
William of Orange enforced a number of rules due to his concern about religious rules in colonies:
In 16__, he _________ Massachusetts & gave it a new _______, enforcing English ____ & religious _________.
He ensured all ______ were appointed by the ______ & the _______ could block _____ passed by the _______.
This was _____ to ________ - they wanted England to _____ for their ________ & saw the _____ as work of the ______.
a) 1691
b) reestablished
c) charter
d) law
e) toleration
f) officials
g) Crown
h) Governor
i) laws
j) Governor
k) laws
l) council
m) bad
n) Puritans
o) pay
p) defences
q) rules
r) Devil
Economic Legislation
The aim of the 4 Navigation Acts was to ____ more ______ over the _______.
It meant ______ coming into _______ must ______ by _______ ships to limit ______ influence in the ________. The _____ later had to also pass through ________ first.
a) gain more control over the colonies
b) goods
c) colonies
d) arrive
e) English
f) Dutch
g) economy
h) goods
i) England
Economic Legislation - the 4 Navigation Acts angered people in Massachusetts because:
_______ failed to follow ____ & were __________.
________ couldn’t ship ____ to _______ & _________ couldn’t use ____ ships so they ____ higher _____.
Less ______ & ______ going into Massachusetts meant Salem’s ______ got less ______, exacerbated by the bad _____ as they were already ____ on ________.
a) traders, rules, reprimanded
b) farmers, grain, England, fishermen, Dutch, paid, fees
c) money, resources, harbour, material, winter, low, materials
Economic Legislation
How did Puritans view the consequences of the Navigation Acts and how did it make them feel?
Punishment from God due to someone in their community sinning. They felt angry because they didn’t like being controlled.
First Indian War
When was the First Indian War?
1675-78
First Indian War
What was the relationship like between colonists and Native Americans?
Tense
First Indian War
What happened to defences after Andros was overthrown?
They were weaker
First Indian War
How many military aged men were killed in Massachusetts?
1 in 10
First Indian War
Every ________ in Salem lost either a ______ or ________.
a) resident
b) friend
c) relative
First Indian War
What happened to community’s working population?
What did this result in & how did Puritans feel about this?
A significant part was removed.
Less men & more women - Puritans didn’t like women as they were manipulated by Devil.
Second Indian War
What was it thought removing witches would do?
The threat of Indian attacks would be removed.
Second Indian War
What began during this time?
The trials
Second Indian War
When was the Second Indian War?
1688-97
Second Indian War
What was also happening in this time?
A wider war with the French
Puritan Perception of Indians
They believed the Indians are ____________, ________ and in need of ___________.
a) Devil-worshippers
b) subhuman
c) extermination
Puritan Perception of Indians
Who was it thought the Indians were allies of?
The French and Spanish
Puritan Perception of Indians
What did the constant fear and threat of being attacked foster?
A deep-seated paranoia
Salem Town
It was the _____ established and was more __________ with a _______ and _______ areas.
People relied on ________ and because there was lots of _____, there was _________.
a) first
b) developed
c) harbour
d) trading
e) farming
f) water
g) flooding
Salem Town
When did people start moving to Salem village as a result of flooding?
1640
Salem Town
It was a place of _______, less _______ and more _______-class (_______).
a) contact
b) religion
c) merchant/middle
Salem Village
Very strict _______ lived here, it was more ________ and very driven by _________.
a) Puritans
b) isolated
c) religion
Salem Village
What did they rely on?
Farming
Salem Village
There was tension between families in the village/town.
What is an example of this?
Putnam family - village
Portner familly - town
As the trials began, the Putnam family significantly drove accusations.
The Portner family tried to stop hunts from occuring and found themselves accused of witchcraft by the Putnams.
Evidently, social tensions drove witch hunts.
Theocracy
What is theocracy?
A religious system of government where God is held as a supreme ruler and the clergy are involved in the day-to-day running of the state.
Theocracy
What did Puritans believe about their relationship with God?
What happened as a result?
They were God’s ‘chosen people’ so they ignored the scientific revolution in England and interpreted crop failures etc as the work of the Devil.
Theocracy
What did Puritans think about anyone with different views?
It was thought they were with the Devil.
Theocracy
What did Puritans use to explain everything?
Religion
Theocracy
A ___ was accused of not reading the ______ often enough and was in turn accused of ________, suggesting ________ was a driving _____ of the hunts.
a) man
b) Bible
c) witchcraft
d) religion
e) force
