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psych 100 > deck_6241985 > Flashcards

deck_6241985 Flashcards

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1
Q

subfield of psych that looks at simliarties and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups

A

cross- cultural psychology

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2
Q

reticular formation

A

central core

passes thru midbrain into forebrain. changes in the level of arousal of the body

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3
Q

brain scanning method that aims magnetic field at brain while subject performs a task

A

FMRI

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4
Q

subfield of psych that focuses on assesing large scale programs to determine whether they are effective in meeting their goals

A

program evaluation

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5
Q

part of neuron that receives messages from other neuron

A

dendrites

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6
Q

glial cells

A

hold neurons in place, provide nourishemnt , support them

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7
Q

type of research where existing data are examined to test a hypothesis

A

archival research

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8
Q

subfield of psych that focuses on consistency in ppl’s behavior over time and traits that differentiate one person from another

A

personality psychology

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9
Q

neurotransmitter - sleeping, mood, eating, depression

A

serotonin

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10
Q

chemical info that prevents or decreases likelihood that receiving neuron will fire

A

inhibitory messages

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11
Q

structuralism

A

uncovering fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, thinking, mental activities

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12
Q

psych perspective that believes behavior is motivated by inner unconscious forces over which person has little control

A

psychodynamic perspective

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13
Q

informed consent

A

TARP Dparticipants sign document affirming that they have been told basic outlines of studyaware participation will involve, risks of experiment, participation purely voluntarydebriefing after experiment

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14
Q

the group that receives treatment in experiement

A

experimental group

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15
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

thalamus

A

central core

in forebrain, relays info about the senses

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17
Q

when investigator observes naturally occurring behavior and doesnt make a change in situation- inability to control any factors of interest - ppl might know they’re being watched

A

naturalistic observation

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18
Q

peripheral nervous system contains

A
  • everything except brain and sprinal cord

- somatic division and autonomic division

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19
Q

subfield of psych that is devoted to consoundling children in school

A

school psychology

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20
Q

neurotransmitter - pain reduction, appetites

A

endorphins

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21
Q

sensory (affarent neounrs)

A

transmit info from body to CNS/brain

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22
Q

psych perspective that focuses on observable behavior

A

behavioral perspective

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23
Q

psych perspective that says ppl can control their behavior and they anturally try to reach their full potential

A

humanistic perspective

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24
Q

end of axon that sends messages to other neurons

A

terminal buttons

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25
Q

emphasizes how perception is organized, how people consider individual elements together as units or wholes- our perception of objects is more meaningful than individual elements that make up our perceptions

A

gestalt psychology

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26
Q

neurotransmitter - eating, aggression, sleeping

A

GABA

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27
Q

motor (efferent neurons)

A

sends info from brain to muscles/galnds

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28
Q

synapse

A

space between 2 neurons where axon of sending neuron communicates with dendrites of receiving neuron

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29
Q

wilhelm wundt

A
  • first psych lab in 1879 in germany-structuralism and introspection
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30
Q

neurons that fire not only when a person enacts a particular behavior but also when a person simply observes another individual carrying out same behavior

A

mirror neurons

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31
Q

confederate in experiment

A

someone unknown to other participants that they work for experimenter

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32
Q

an electric nerve impulse taht travels trough neuron’s axon when set off by trigger changing charge from negative to positive

A

action potential

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33
Q

pituitary gland

A

part of endocrine system. regulated by hypothalamus, controls funtioning fo rest of ES. secretes hormones taht control growth

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34
Q

introspection

A
  • used by structuralists - present ppl w stimulus ask them to describe with as much detail what they were experiencing
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35
Q

subfield of psych that studies the priocesses of sensing, perceiving, learning, thinking about world

A

experimental psychology

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36
Q

right side of brain

A

nonverbal areas, spatial relationships, patterns, music, emotions

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37
Q

subfield of psych that considers relationship between ppl and their phsyical environment

A

environmental psychology

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38
Q

dependent vari

A

variable measured in study. expected to change as a result of manipulation of independent vari

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39
Q

subfield of psych that examines the biological basis of behavior

A

behavioral neuronscience

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40
Q

psych perspective that examines how ppl understand and think about the world

A

cognitive perspective

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41
Q

term that describes participants assigned to different experimental groups on base of chance alone- each group will have same proportion of males, females, smart, extroverted ppl

A

random assignment to condition

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42
Q

chemical messages that make it more likely that a reciving neuron will fire and AP will travel down axon

A

excitatory messages

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43
Q

subfield of psych that concerned w the psychology of the work place

A

industrial / organizational psychology

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44
Q

positive correlation

A

as value of 1 vari increases, other vari value will also increase

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45
Q

subfield of psych that focuses on issues such as discrimniation against women and causes of violence

A

psychology of women

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46
Q

subfield of psych that examines how ppl grow and change throughout life

A

developmental psychology

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47
Q

brain scanning method that makes a virtual lesion to observe effect on brain functioning. shuts down parts of brain temporarily

A

TMS

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48
Q

subfield of psych that focuses on legal issues

A

forensic psychology

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49
Q

sympathetic and parasympatehtic

A

part of autonomic division. PNS. sympa - prepare body in stressful situation
parasym - calm body down

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50
Q

part of neuron that carries messages receved by dendrites to other neurons. opposite side of dendrites

A

axon

51
Q

protective coating of fat and protein that insulates neurons

A

myelin sheath

52
Q

somatic division

A

part of PNS. voluntary movements

53
Q

subfield of psych that studies how peoples thoughts, feelings, actions affected by others

A

social psych

54
Q

the subfield of psychology that studies the inheritance of traits related to behavior

A

behavioral genetics

55
Q

subfield of psych that focuses on study of higher mental processes

A

cognitive psychology

56
Q

subfield of psych that explores relationship between psyhologcial factors and ailments or disease

A

health psychology

57
Q

brain scanning method that records electrical activity in the brain

A

EEG

58
Q

neurotransmitter - movement control, pleasure and reward

A

dopamine

59
Q

brain scanning method that shows biochemical activity in the brain

A

PET

60
Q

william james

A

functionalist- american

61
Q

system that sends messages throughout body thru bloodstream, secretes hormones

A

endocrine system

62
Q

neurotransmitter - memory. excitatory

A

glutamate

63
Q

pons

A

transmitter of motor info, coordinating muscles, regulating sleep
central core

64
Q

functionalism

A
  • what mind does a- what role behavior palys in allowing ppl to adapt to enviornments- how ppl satisfy needs thry behavior- how SOC permits adapt to environment
65
Q

neurotransmitter - muscle movement, cognitive functioning

A

acetylocholine

66
Q

double blind

A

person who administers drug shouldn’t know whether it is real or placebo to overcome possibility of experimenter expections

67
Q

in depth intensive investigation of single individual or group

A

case study

68
Q

4 lobes of the brain

A

temporal
occipital
parietal
frontal

69
Q

term that describes that findings are statistically meaningful, confirmed hypotheses

A

significant outcome

70
Q

part of brain taht contrains the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

A

hindbrain

71
Q

subfield of psych that focuses on educational, social, and career adjusment problems

A

counseling psychology

72
Q

subfield of psych that focuses on relationship between biological factors and psychological disorders

A

clinical neuropsychology

73
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemicals that carry messages across synapse to a dendrite of receiving neuron

74
Q

autonomic division

A

part of PNS. involuntary. has sympathetic and parasympathetic

75
Q

system that contains amygdala and hippocampus. borders top of central core

A

limbic system

76
Q

subfield of psych that concered w teaching and learning processes like relationship between motivation and school performance

A

educational psychology

77
Q

hypothalamus

A

central core

maintains steady internal environment for body. regulates behavior that is critical to survival of species (eating, sex)

78
Q

sample of ppl chosen to represent larger group of interest asked series of questions about behvior, thoughts, attitudes- is pop actually representative?

A

survey research

79
Q

negative correlation

A

as value of 1 vari increases, value of other decreases

80
Q

correlational research

A

2 sets of vari examined to determine whether they are associated or correlated

81
Q

subfield of psych that deals with study, diagnosis, treatment of psycological disorders

A

clinical psychology

82
Q

medulla

A

controls breathing and heartbeat

central core

83
Q

amgydala

A

involved in fear and aggresion

84
Q

subfield of psych that considers how behavior is influenced by genetic inheritance

A

envolutionary psychology

85
Q

cerebral cortex

A

contains 4 lobes. responsible for most sophisticated processes in brain.
has sensory area and motor area and association areas.
contains SAM

86
Q

association areas

A

make up large portion of cerebral cortex. site of higher mental processes (thinking, language)

87
Q

group that recieves no treatment in expierment

A

control group

88
Q

cerebellum

A

controls balance

central core

89
Q

psych perspective that views behavior from perspective of biological functioning

A

neuroscience perspective

90
Q

“old brain” controls basic functions such as eating and sleeping.
RTPMCH

A

central core

91
Q

left side of the brain

A

verbal competnce, speaking, reading, thinking

92
Q

subfield of psych that applies psych to athletic activity and exercise

A

sport psychology

93
Q

independennt vari

A

condition being manipulated by experimenter

94
Q

all or none law

A

neurons are either on or off. when there is enough force to be on, neuron fires

95
Q

he study of the relationship between the physical aspects of stimuli and our psychological experience of them

A

psychophysics

96
Q

absolute threshold

A

smallest intensity of a stim that must be present for it to be detected

97
Q

difference threshold

A

smallest level of added or reduced stimulation required to sense a change in stim

98
Q

law that says that a just noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the intensity of an initial stimulus

A

weber’s law

99
Q

range of wavelengths human eye can detect

A

visual spectrum

100
Q

cornea

A

where light first hits. bends of refracts light as it passes thru

101
Q

pupil

A

dark hole in center of iris (colored part). size depends on amount of light in envionment

102
Q

retina

A

part of eye that converts electromagnetic energy of light to electrical impulses. image reaches upside down. contains rods and cones

103
Q

thin receptor cells that are highly sensitive to light. vision in dimly lit situations, insensitive to color and details. key role in peripheral vsiion, night vision

A

rods

104
Q

cone shaped, light sensitive receptor cells t hat are responsible for hsarp focus and color perception. focused in fovea. brightly lit situations

A

cones

105
Q

cells that receive info from rods and cones and communicate info to ganglion cells

A

bipolar cells

106
Q

what do ganglion cells do

A

collect adn summarize visual info which is moved to back of eyeball and sent to brain thru optic nerve

107
Q

trichromatic theory of color vision

A

suggests that there are 3 kinds of cones in retina, each responds to primarily specific range of wavelengths

108
Q

opponent - process theory of color vision

A

theory that receptor cells for color are linked in pairs, working in opposition to each other

109
Q

optic chiasm

A

point where optic nerve splits

110
Q

middle ear

A

contains hammer, anvil, stirrup. acts as tiny mechanical amplifier . increase vibration strength

111
Q

inner ear

A

chanegs sound vibrations into a form they can be transmitted to brain

112
Q

basilar membrane

A

inside cochlea. divides cochlea into upper and lower chamber. has hair cells

113
Q

hair cells

A

inside BM. bent by vibrations, send neural message to brain

114
Q

number of wave cycles that occur in a second

A

frequency

115
Q

characterstic that makes sound seem high or low

A

pitch

116
Q

place theory of hearing

A

different areas of the basilar membrane respond to different frequencies

117
Q

frequency theory of hearing

A

entire basilar membrane acts like a micraphone. vibrating as whole

118
Q

vestibular system

A

responds to pull of gravity and allows us to maintain balance

119
Q

otoliths

A

crystals in semicircular canals in vestibular system that sense pull, backward, gravity

120
Q

skin senses

A

touch,pressure,tenperature, pain

121
Q

particular nerve receptors in the spinal cord lead to specific areas of brain related to pain

A

gate control theory

122
Q

top down processing

A

perception guided by higher level knowledge, experience, expectations, and motivations

123
Q

bottom up processing

A

progression of recognizing and processing info from individual components of stimuli and moving to the perception of the whole

psych 100 (15 decks)

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