deck_2672502 Flashcards
B-lactams: cephalosporins, penicillins, carbapenems, monobactams
Interfere with cell wall cross-linking through interaction with penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases); autolysis
Glycopeptides: Vancomycin
Interfere with incorporation of new subunits into growing murein chains
Imidazoles: fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole
Blocks synthesis of ergosterol required for fungal cell wall integrity
Echinocandins: caspofungin, micafungin
Blocks B-glucan synthesis, a major constituent of fungal cell walls
Lipopeptide antibiotics: daptomycin
Forms channels in cell membranes of gram-positive bacteria resulting in K+ leakage and metabolic death
Polyene: amphotericin B
Bind to sterols in eukaryotic cell membranes, leading to membrane leakiness and, at high levels lysis
Sulfonamides: sulfamethoxazole
Competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthesis; blocks synthesis of tetrahydrofolate and sulfadiazine cell-linked metabolic pathways
Trimethoprim
Inhibition of bacterial dihydrofolate reductatse
Aminoglycosides: gentamycin, tobramycin, streptomycin, amikacin, neomycin
Bind to 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes; cause translational misreading and inhibit elongation of protein chains; kill by blocking initiation of protein synthesis
Macrolides: erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, clincamycin
Bind to ribosome 50S subunit; inhibit protein synthesis at chain elongation step
Ketolides: telithromycin
Bind to ribosome 50S subunit; inhibit protein synthesis at chain elongation step
Streptogramins: dalfopristin, quinopristin
Bind to ribosome 50S subunit; inhibit protein synthesis at chain elongation step
Chloramphenicol
Bind to ribosome 50S subunit; inhibit protein synthesis at chain elongation step
Rifampin
Binds to bacterial RNA polymerase and blocks transcription at initiation step
Metronidazole, nitrofurans
Partially reduced nitro groups give addition products on DNA that lead to cidal strand breakage