deck_2672502 Flashcards

1
Q

B-lactams: cephalosporins, penicillins, carbapenems, monobactams

A

Interfere with cell wall cross-linking through interaction with penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases); autolysis

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2
Q

Glycopeptides: Vancomycin

A

Interfere with incorporation of new subunits into growing murein chains

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3
Q

Imidazoles: fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole

A

Blocks synthesis of ergosterol required for fungal cell wall integrity

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4
Q

Echinocandins: caspofungin, micafungin

A

Blocks B-glucan synthesis, a major constituent of fungal cell walls

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5
Q

Lipopeptide antibiotics: daptomycin

A

Forms channels in cell membranes of gram-positive bacteria resulting in K+ leakage and metabolic death

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6
Q

Polyene: amphotericin B

A

Bind to sterols in eukaryotic cell membranes, leading to membrane leakiness and, at high levels lysis

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7
Q

Sulfonamides: sulfamethoxazole

A

Competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthesis; blocks synthesis of tetrahydrofolate and sulfadiazine cell-linked metabolic pathways

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8
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Inhibition of bacterial dihydrofolate reductatse

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9
Q

Aminoglycosides: gentamycin, tobramycin, streptomycin, amikacin, neomycin

A

Bind to 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes; cause translational misreading and inhibit elongation of protein chains; kill by blocking initiation of protein synthesis

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10
Q

Macrolides: erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, clincamycin

A

Bind to ribosome 50S subunit; inhibit protein synthesis at chain elongation step

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11
Q

Ketolides: telithromycin

A

Bind to ribosome 50S subunit; inhibit protein synthesis at chain elongation step

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12
Q

Streptogramins: dalfopristin, quinopristin

A

Bind to ribosome 50S subunit; inhibit protein synthesis at chain elongation step

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13
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Bind to ribosome 50S subunit; inhibit protein synthesis at chain elongation step

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14
Q

Rifampin

A

Binds to bacterial RNA polymerase and blocks transcription at initiation step

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15
Q

Metronidazole, nitrofurans

A

Partially reduced nitro groups give addition products on DNA that lead to cidal strand breakage

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16
Q

Flouroquinolones: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin

A

Interfere with DNA replication by inhibiting the action of DNA gyrase or topoisomerase

17
Q

Nalidixic acid

A

Interfere with DNA replication by inhibiting the action of DNA gyrase or topoisomerase