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Question 1

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

Answer 1

one of the type II hypersensitivity reactions; leukocytes become attached to the antibody-coated target cells and cause cell lysis without phagocytosis

Question 2

Antigen/antibody complex

Answer 2

A combination of antigena and antibody; when both are present in about equal amounts these complexes are poorly soluble and often precipitate in tissue.

Question 3

Autoimmune reaction/disease

Answer 3

a phenomenon in which the body develps and immune reaction that is directed against it’s own organs/tissues

Question 4

Complement

Answer 4

A series of proteins activated by aggregated antibody, bacteria, or cell-attached antibody, which form a complex that damages cell membranes leading to lysis (also releases chemotactic proteins C5a and C3a)

Question 5

Hypersensitivity

Answer 5

a relative term, in which an individual shows evidence of response to a stimulus greater than that of the average person

Question 6

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

Answer 6

Caused by interaction between an allergen and IgE antibodies attached to a mast cell leading to release of histamine and other inflammatory factors. Characterized by allergic reactions or by anaphylactic shock

Question 7

Type II Hypersensitivity

Answer 7

Caused by antibody attachment to cells. This may lead to complement activations, “killer cell” response, or inhibition/stimulation of cellular function

Question 8

Type III Hypersensitivity

Answer 8

Antigen and antibody produce insoluble complexes that deposit in tissues and incite an inflammatory response

Question 9

Type IV Hypersensitivity

Answer 9

Caused by interaction between an antigen and T-lymphocytes only; no antibody response present. In some cases, where antigen is not destroyed by response, it results in the formation of granulomas (think caseus necrosis, giant cells, and epitheloid cells)