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Ulit lng > deck_16987371 > Flashcards

deck_16987371 Flashcards

1
Q

: the two major componentsof any computer system

A

Hardware and software

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2
Q

equipment, or devices

A

Hardware:

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3
Q

programs that contain instructions for thecomputer

A

Software:

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4
Q

allow data to enter thecomputer

A

Input devices:

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5
Q

working on the data

A

Processing:

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6
Q

hardware thatperforms the tasks

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU):

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7
Q

provide data to the user* Printer, monitor, speakers

A

output devices:

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8
Q

: special languagecontaining instructions for the compute

A

Programming language

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9
Q

rules governing word usage andpunctuation in the language

A

Syntax:

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10
Q

controls the computer’s on/offcircuitry

A

Machine language:

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11
Q

software that translatesprogramming languages to machine language

A

Compiler or interpreter:

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12
Q

Program must be free of ______________ to be run,or executed, on a compute

A

syntax errors

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13
Q

To function properly, the_______ must be correct

A

logic

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14
Q

are moredifficult to locate than syntax errors

A

Logic errors, or semantic errors,

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15
Q

a pictorial representation of thelogic steps

A

Flowchart:

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16
Q

Natural language representationof the logic

A

Pseudocode:

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17
Q

entire set of actions organizationmust take to switch over to new program(s)

A

Conversion:

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18
Q

Maintaining the Program

A
  • Maintenance
  • Making changes after the program is put into production
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19
Q

Understanding Interactive User Input

A
  • Asks the user for a response
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20
Q

message displayed on a monitor

A
  • Prompt:
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21
Q

location to type entries tocommunicate with the operating system

A

Command prompt:

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22
Q

allows usersto interact with a program in a graphicalenvironment

A

Graphical User Interface (GUI):

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23
Q

Input and output values

A

Input symbol

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24
Q

compute or action

A

Processing symbol

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25
Q
  • Connect the steps
A

Flowlines:

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26
Q

Shows the start and end points of thestatements

A

Terminal symbol (start/stop symbol):*

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27
Q

a sequence of statements thatrepeats forever with no escape

A

Infinite loop:

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28
Q

testing a value

A

Decision:

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29
Q

Does not represent real data

A

Sentinel value (or dummy value)*

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30
Q

Code stored in the file that marks the end of thedata

A

End-of-file (EOF) marker:*

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31
Q

Marks a logic transfer to another location in theflowchart

A

Flowchart connector symbol:*

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32
Q

has an address and a value

A

Memory location:

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33
Q

is used for various operations

A

Value (contents)

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34
Q

Two basic data types

A

:* Text, Numeric

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35
Q

stored by numeric variables

A

Numeric data

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36
Q

stored by string, text, or charactervariables

A

Text data

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37
Q

:* Values that do not change while the program isrunning

A

Constants

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38
Q

Four major computer operations:*

A

Input
Processing
Output
Storage

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39
Q

Six programming phases:

A
  • Understand the problem
  • Plan the logic
  • Code the program
  • Translate the program to machine language
  • Test the program
  • Deploy the program
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40
Q

the equal (=) sign inmost languages

A

Assignment operator:

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41
Q

focuses on actionsperformed on data

A

Procedural programming:

42
Q

focuses onrepresenting and manipulating objects

A

Object-oriented programming:

43
Q
  • All the text, numbers, and other information thatare processed by a computer
A

Data items

44
Q
  • Statement that provides a data type and anidentifier for a variable
A

Declaration

45
Q

Variable’s name

A

Identifier

46
Q

Declare a starting value for any variable

A

Initializing a variable

47
Q

Variable’s unknown value before initialization

A

Garbage

48
Q
  • Specific numeric value
A

Numeric constant (or literal numeric constant)

49
Q

String of characters enclosed within quotationmarks

A

String constant (or literal string constant)*

50
Q

Do not have identifiers like variables do

A

Unnamed constants

51
Q
  • Can hold text* Letters of the alphabe
A

String variable

52
Q
  • Similar to a variable* Can be assigned a value only once* Assign a useful name to a value that will never bechanged during a program’s execution
A

named constant

53
Q
  • Unnamed constant* Purpose is not immediately apparent* Avoid this
A

Magic number

54
Q

Standard arithmetic operators:

A
    • (plus sign)—addition
  • − (minus sign)—subtraction*
  • (asterisk)—multiplication
  • / (slash)—division
55
Q
  • Repeating input back to a user either in asubsequent prompt or in output
A

Echoing input

56
Q

selection structure* Provides an action for each of two possibleoutcomes

A

Dual-alternative (or binary)

57
Q

selection structure* Action is provided for only one outcome

A

Single-alternative (or unary)

58
Q

Involves thinking in double negatives

A

“Not equal” operator

59
Q

Using the wrong operator

A

Common errors

60
Q
  • Asks multiple questions before anoutcome is determine
A

Compound condition*

61
Q
  • Requires that both of two testsevaluate to true
A

AND decision

62
Q

r Ask two or more questions in a single comparison

A

conditional AND operator

63
Q

Describe the truth of an entire expression based onthe truth of its parts

A

Truth tables

64
Q

Expression evaluated only as far as necessary todetermine truth

A

Short-circuit evaluation

65
Q

Take action when one or the other of twoconditions is true

A

OR decision

66
Q

Ask two or more questions in a single comparison

A

Conditional OR operator

67
Q

compare a variable to a series of values betweenlimits

A

Range check

68
Q

n requires that both conditionsbe true to produce a true result

A

AND decision

69
Q

an AND decision, first ask the question thatis ___________

A

less likely to be true

70
Q

requires that either of theconditions be true to produce a true result

A

An OR decision

71
Q

In an OR decision, first ask the question that is

A

more likely to be true

72
Q

Logically snarled program statements

A

Spaghetti code

73
Q

Do not follow the rules of structured logic

A

unstructured programs*

74
Q

Do follow rules of structured logic

A

Structured programs*

75
Q

unit of programming logic

A

Structure Basic

76
Q

Perform actions in order* No branching or skipping any task

A

Sequence

77
Q

Repeat actions based on answer to a question

A

Loop

78
Q

Perform actions inorder* No branching orskipping any task

A

Sequence

79
Q

Situation where nothing is done

A

null case

80
Q

Repeats a set of actions based on the answerto a question

A

Loop structure

81
Q

Attaching structures end-to-end

A

stacking

82
Q

Placing one structure within another* Indent the nested structure’s statements

A

Nesting

83
Q

Group of statements that execute as a single unit

A

Block

84
Q

Reads the first input data record

A

Priming read (or priming input)*

85
Q

number of iterations predetermined* Also called counted loop

A

Definite loop:

86
Q

numeric variable used to count numberof times an event occurs

A

Counter:

87
Q

variable may be altered by userinpu

A

Loop control

88
Q

: loop iterates until some conditionis true

A

Indefinite loop

89
Q

any variable thatdetermines whether the loop will continue

A

Loop control variable:

90
Q

loops within loops

A

Nested loops:

91
Q

loop that contains the other loop

A

Outer loop:

92
Q

loop that is contained

A

Inner loop:

93
Q

variable that gathers values

A

Accumulator:

94
Q

make sure data falls in acceptableranges

A

Validate data:

95
Q

can be only true or false

A

Boolean expressions

96
Q

are used when we want to execute a block of code repeatedly until some condition becomes true.

A

Looping statements

97
Q

allows the program to repeat a set of instructions multiple times.

A

iteration statement

98
Q

executes at least once, while the while loop may not execute if the initial condition is false.

A

The do…while loop

99
Q
  • Holds the action or actions that execute when
    the tested condition in the decision is true
A

if-then clause

100
Q
  • Executes only when the tested condition in the
    decision is false
A

else clause

101
Q

Range check
* Compare a variable to a series of values between
limits

A

Range check

Ulit lng (17 decks)

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