CS midterms pt3 Flashcards
, is
the location where a computer keeps data, information,
secondary storage
refers to
long-term, permanent access of data and information.
Storage
is the hardware that records and/or
retrieves items to and from storage media.
storage device
is the process of transferring data, instructions, and infor-
mation from memory to a storage medium.
Writing
the process of transferring these items from a storage
medium into memory.
Reading
is the number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold.
Capacity
measures (1) the amount of time it
takes a storage device to locate an item on a storage medium
or (2) the time required to deliver an item from memory
to the processor.
Access time
is the speed with which data, instructions,
and information transfer to and from a device.
Transfer rate
, also called a hard
disk drive (HDD), is a storage device that contains one
or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic
particles to store data, instructions, and information.
hard disk
is made of aluminum, glass, or ceramic and has
a thin coating of alloy material that allows items to be
recorded magnetically on its surface.
platter
aligns the magnetic particles
horizontally around the surface of the disk.
Longitudinal recording
, by contrast, hard disks align
the magnetic particles vertically, or perpendicular to the
disk’s surface, making much greater storage capacities
possible.
perpendicular recording
is the number of bits in an area on a stor-
age medium.
Density
is the process of dividing the disk into tracks
and sectors
Formatting
is one of the series of concentric circles on one of
the surfaces of a magnetic hard disk platter.
track
is an individual block of data,
or a segment of a track. Several sectors form a cluster.
sector
mechanism that reads items and writes items in the drive
as it barely touches the disk’s recording surface.
read/write head
is a
separate, freestanding storage device that connects with a
cable to a USE port
external hard drive
) is a removable
storage device for folders
USB flash drive (universal serial bus
is a removable flash memory storage device,
memory card
is a type of storage medium that consists of a
flat, round, portable disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer
that is written and read by a laser.
optical disc
Recall that cloud computing refers to an environment of
servers that house and provide access to resources users access
via the Internet.
Cloud Storage
uses software to emulate hardware
capabilities, enabling companies to scale,
Infrastructure as a
service (IaaS)
Some companies specify the
applications, security settings, and computing resources
available to employees on their desktop computers.
- Desktop as a Service:
) allows users and applications to
access a company’s data.
Data as a service (DaaS
allows developers to create, test, and run their
solutions on a cloud platform without having to
purchase or configure the underlying hardware and
software.
Platform as a service (PaaS)
is digital currency that can be used
to transfer money or payment between users or corpo-
rations.
Cryptocurrency
, such
as Venmo, enable you to transfer money between your
credit card or bank account to another user.
Payment apps
, such as ApplePay, is an app that is connected to a specific payment card or financial account
digital wallet
, which means that if one
component fails or malfunctions,
redundancy
is a secure location with many large computers that act
as servers, which make files available to users
data center
, which writes data on two drives at the
same time to duplicate the data.
mirroring
, which splits data, instructions, and informa-
tion across multiple drives in the array.
striping
is a
server that is placed on a network with the sole purpose
of providing storage to users, computers,
Network attached storage (NAS)
is a high-speed
network with the sole purpose of providing storage to
other attached servers.
storage area network (SAN)
is a magnetically coated
ribbon of plastic that is capable of storing large amounts
of data and information at a low cost.
Tape
A is a credit card, entertainment
card, bank card, or other similar card with a stripe that
contains information identifying you and the card.
magnetic stripe card
, which is an alternative to a magnetic
stripe card, stores data on an integrated circuit embed-
ded in the card.
smart card
consists of an antenna and a memory chip that contains the infor-
mation to be transmitted via radio waves
RFID tag
also called main memory, consists of
memory chips that can be read from and written to by
the processor and other devices.
RAM,
is a unique number that identifies the location of
a byte in memory.
address
which is a temporary storage
area.
cache (pronounced cash),
helps speed the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data.
Memory cache
is a type of nonvolatile
memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten.
Flash memory
technology because
it provides high speeds and consumes little power.
CMOS (complementary
metal-oxide semiconductor)
which are
devices that send low-energy Bluetooth signals to nearby
smartphones, to alert customers who use a payment app,
beacons,
is
a list of related items, including folders, applications,
and commands.
menu
, which is a list of additional commands associ-
ated with the selected command on a menu.
submenu
is a list of frequently used commands that relate
to an object.
shortcut menu
which is a box with controls that lets you tell the
operating system how you want to complete a command
dialog box,
, which are apps
or programs that enable you to perform maintenance-type
tasks related to managing the computer or device.
utilities
are tl1e components required
to perform work,
resources
is the amount of data
and program instructions that can swap at a given time.
page
the whole system slows down and it is said to
be.
Trashing
is the active program, that is, the one
you currently are using.
foreground
other programs running
but not in use are in the
background.
which is the practice of sharing computing
resources, such as servers or storage devices, among com-
puters and devices on a network.
virtualization,
programs keep all or some of the code hidden,
Closed source
is one that runs only on a specific type or make
of computer or mobile device.
device-dependent program
is privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or
computer or device model.
Proprietary software
that run
on computers and mobile devices provided by a variety
of manufacturers.
device-independent operating systems
is three- or four-letter sequence, preceded by a period,
file extension
File size usually is measured in
kilobytes
A is a special folder that catalogues specific files
and folders in a central location, regardless of where the
items are actually stored on your device. Library files
might include pictures, music,
library
is a program that assesses and reports information about
various computer resources and devices.
performance monitor
is a rectangular-shaped
work area that displays an app or a collection of files,
a window
displays a running
program;
a program window
a displays the contents of a folder,
folder window
is an interface that enables you to
train it to respond to your gestures and voice commands.
natural user interface (NUI)
identify the resources,
such as apps and storage locations, a user can access when
working with the computer.
User accounts
A enables a computer or device to run another
operating system in addition to the one installed.
virtual
machine (VM)
, is a section of a hard drive that functions like a separate drive.
partition, also called a volume
